← Horizons B2 B2 Arabic

6B Grammar

Wildlife conservation

Unit 6

I CAN use defining and non-defining relative clauses
I CAN describe conservation projects

Grammar

10 cards

Relative clauses let us give more information about a noun — a person, an animal, a place or a thing. They sit directly after the noun and they begin with words like who, which, that, whose and where. These small words are called relative pronouns (or relative adverbs, in the case of where). In this lesson we focus on two kinds: defining and non-defining relative clauses. Understanding the difference is essential if you want to write and speak accurately about complex topics like wildlife conservation.

A defining relative clause tells us exactly which person, animal or thing we mean. It gives essential information — without it, the listener or reader would not know who or what you are talking about. For people, we use who (or that in informal English). For animals and things, we use which or that. To show possession we use whose, and to talk about places we use where. Importantly, we do not put commas around a defining clause. Look at this example: The rangers who patrol the reserve at night have arrested several poachers this year. If we remove the relative clause, we no longer know which rangers we mean.

A non-defining relative clause does the opposite job. It adds extra information about a noun that is already specific. The sentence is still perfectly clear without it. We always separate this kind of clause from the rest of the sentence with commas — one before the clause and one after. In a non-defining clause we can use who, which or whose, but we can never use that. Compare: My brother, who works in Nairobi, has just adopted an orphaned elephant. The reader already knows which brother I mean (presumably I only have one), so the clause is just extra information.

Here is a clear summary of the two types:

Feature	Defining	Non-defining
Essential information?	Yes — without it the meaning is unclear	No — the sentence still works without it
Punctuation	No commas	Two commas
Pronouns used	who, which, that, whose, where	who, which, whose (NOT that)
Pronoun can be omitted?	Yes (with that and object pronouns)	No, never

We can use where in both types when we are talking about places. Compare the two: This is the valley where the elephants migrate every winter. (defining — we do not know which valley until you add the clause) and The Serengeti, where millions of wildebeest travel each year, is a World Heritage Site. (non-defining — the Serengeti is already identified).

A very common mistake is using that in a non-defining clause: Mount Kenya, that is over 5,000 metres high, is a national park. This is incorrect in standard English; it should be which. Another common mistake is forgetting the commas in a non-defining clause, which makes the sentence harder to read. A simple test: try to remove the relative clause. If the sentence still makes complete sense, the clause is non-defining and you need commas. If the sentence becomes confusing, the clause is defining and you need no commas.

Finally, remember that defining relative clauses are usually more common in spoken English and informal writing, while non-defining clauses are more common in formal articles, reports and academic writing — exactly the kind of text you will read about conservation. Once you are confident with the difference, you will find that you can use these clauses naturally in both your writing and your speech.

جمل الوصل النسبية - Defining & Non-defining Relative Clauses

في الدرس ده هنتعلم نوعين أساسيين من جمل الوصل النسبية (relative clauses)، واللي بنضيف بيها معلومات أكتر عن اسم موجود في الجملة - سواء كان شخص، حيوان، مكان، أو أي حاجة تانية.

النوع الأول: Defining Relative Clauses (جملة وصل مُعرِّفة)

دي الجملة اللي بتحدد بالظبط إحنا بنتكلم عن مين أو إيه. لو شيلتها من الجملة، المعنى هيبقى ناقص أو مش واضح. في النوع ده بنستخدم:

who أو that للناس
which أو that للحاجات والحيوانات
whose للإشارة للملكية
where للأماكن

ومهم جداً إنك متحطش أي كومات (commas) حواليها.

مثال: The rangers who patrol the reserve at night have arrested several poachers this year. يعني حراس المحمية اللي بيلفوا بالليل هم اللي قبضوا على صيادين. لو شيلت who patrol the reserve at night، مش هتعرف إحنا بنتكلم عن حراس مين بالظبط.

النوع التاني: Non-defining Relative Clauses (جملة وصل غير مُعرِّفة)

دي بتضيف معلومات إضافية بس عن اسم متحدد أصلاً، والجملة تفضل واضحة من غيرها. وبنحطلها كومتين - واحدة قبلها وواحدة بعدها.

في النوع ده بنستخدم who, which, whose بس، وبنمنع 'that' تماماً.

مثال: My brother, who works in Nairobi, has just adopted an orphaned elephant. يعني أخويا، اللي بيشتغل في نيروبي، تبنى فيل يتيم. واضح إنك عندك أخ واحد، فالجملة الإضافية دي مجرد info زيادة مش أساسية.

اختبار سريع عشان تفرّق بين النوعين

حاول تشيل جملة الوصل خالص. لو الجملة لسه واضحة ومعناها كامل، يبقى هي non-defining ومحتاجة كومات. لو الجملة بقت مش مفهومة، يبقى هي defining ومش هنحط كومات.

أخطاء شائعة لازم تتجنبها

تقول Mount Kenya, that is over 5,000 metres high, is a national park - ده غلط في الإنجليزي المعياري، الصح نستخدم which.
تنسى الكومات في الجملة غير المعرّفة، وده بيخلي القراءة أصعب بكتير.

لما تيجي تعمل التمارين، ركّز على الكومات واسأل نفسك: الجملة هتفضل مفهومة من غير جملة الوصل ولا لأ؟ ده هيوصلك للإجابة الصح في كل مرة.

The sanctuary that was set up in 2010 now protects over fifty orphaned elephants.

Read the sentence. Which relative clause is used? Notice that there are no commas.

Lake Nakuru, which is famous for its flamingos, attracts visitors from all over the world.

Read the sentence. Notice the two commas and the word 'which' (not 'that').

Required

Look at the two sentences above. The first is a defining relative clause and the second is non-defining. Which word tells you that the second one is non-defining?

The two commas that surround the clause
The word 'that'
The verb 'attracts'

Required

The volunteers ___ (who / which / that) work at the reserve come from many different countries.

Required

Mount Kenya, ___ (which / that) is over 5,000 metres high, is a national park.

Required

We can use the word 'that' in a non-defining relative clause in standard English.

Required

A defining relative clause gives essential information that the sentence needs in order to make sense.

Required

Put the words in the correct order to make a sentence with a defining relative clause.

that
The
in
reserve
visited
Kenya
is
I

Required

Drag the correct relative pronoun into each sentence.

who
that
which
where

The volunteers work at the reserve are from many countries.

Mount Kenya, is over 5,000 metres high, is a national park.

The species we studied is now critically endangered.

This is the valley the elephants migrate every winter.

Listening

5 cards

Close your eyes for a moment and imagine the scene: two friends meet in a café after a long time apart. One of them, Liam, has just returned from two weeks in the Scottish Highlands, where he volunteered with a conservation project. The other, Sara, is curious to know exactly what he did. The conversation includes several defining and non-defining relative clauses, and it uses the vocabulary from the previous section. You will hear the dialogue once, then answer three questions.

Before you press play, think about this: what kinds of work might a volunteer do at a wildlife conservation project? Mentally list three or four tasks. As you listen, see how many of your ideas appear in the conversation. This kind of prediction helps your brain get ready to listen actively.

After the dialogue, you will answer:

A gist question about the main topic.
A specific information question about one detail.
A small detail question with a fill-in-the-blank answer.

Listen carefully — you will only hear the dialogue once, so try to focus on the meaning rather than every single word. Remember that the relative clauses contain the key information, so pay extra attention when you hear words like who, which and that.

الحوار في كافيه عن حماية الحياة البرية

الحوار ده بين Sara و Liam، اتقابلوا في كافيه بعد ما Sara مكنتش شايفة Liam من أسابيع. Liam رجع من اسكتلندا حيث اشتغل مع conservation project، وتحديدًا كان بيحمي red squirrels اللي هي من endangered species في بريطانيا.

الكلمات والمصطلحات الأساسية

conservation project: مشروع حماية، يعني مشروع بيحمي الحيوانات أو النباتات من الانقراض أو من الأذى.
endangered species: أنواع مهددة بالانقراض، يعني حيوانات أو نباتات موجودة بأعداد قليلة جدًا وممكن تختفي.
to compete for food and habitat: يتنافسوا على الأكل والموطن. السناجب الرمادية بتاخد مكان وأكل السناجب الحمراء، عشان كده الحمرا بتختفي.
rangers: حراس الغابة، الناس اللي بيشتغلوا في المحميات الطبيعية.
camera traps: كاميرات خفية بتتسيب في الغابة عشان تصوّر الحيوانات اللي بتعدّي.
to monitor the population: يراقبوا عدد الحيوانات، يعني يتابعوا كام واحد لسه عايش في المنطقة.

جمل الوصل - Relative Clauses

الجملة فيها نوعين من جمل الوصل، وده هو محور الدرس:

1. Defining relative clause (من غير فاصلة): بتعرّف الاسم اللي قبلها، وممكن نستخدم that أو who للبشر أو which للحاجات والحيوانات.

"a project that protects red squirrels" - مشروع بيحمي السناجب الحمراء. هنا من غير الجملة دي مش هنفهم المشروع بيعمل إيه.
"the rangers who work in the forest" - الحراس اللي بيشتغلوا في الغابة.

2. Non-defining relative clause (بين فاصلتين , ,): بتدي معلومة زيادة بس مش أساسية. هنا بنستخدم who أو which بس، مش that.

"red squirrels, which are an endangered species in the UK" - السناجب الحمراء، وهي نوع مهدد بالانقراض في بريطانيا. لو شيلت الجملة دي، المعنى لسه واصل.

نصيحة للاستماع

الحوار هيتسمع مرة واحدة بس. ركّز على كلمات who و which و that عشان دول اللي بيحملوا الأفكار الأساسية. خد الـ gist الأول وبعدين الـ details، ومتحاولش تمسك كل كلمة من أول مرة.

Sara meets her friend Liam, who has just returned from volunteering with a conservation project in Scotland.

S
Sara Hey Liam! I haven't seen you for weeks. Where have you been?
L
Liam Oh, hi Sara. I've just got back from Scotland. I was volunteering with a conservation project.
S
Sara That sounds fascinating. What kind of project is it?
L
Liam It's a project that protects red squirrels, which are an endangered species in the UK.
S
Sara Oh, I didn't realise red squirrels were endangered. What's the main threat?
L
Liam Grey squirrels. They compete for food and habitat, so the red ones are disappearing fast.
S
Sara So what did you actually do there?
L
Liam I helped the rangers who work in the forest. We set up camera traps and monitored the population.
S
Sara That sounds like hard work, but rewarding.
L
Liam It was. The team, which is run by a small charity, has found three new breeding populations since the project began.

Required

What is the main topic of the conversation?

A new job in Scotland
A red squirrel conservation project
A holiday in the Highlands
Sara's wildlife photography

Required

The conservation project is run by a large government organisation.

Required

Listen again in your mind. The team has found ___ new breeding populations since the project began.

Pronunciation

6 cards

The pronunciation feature we will focus on in this lesson is the contrast between the two th sounds in English: the voiceless /θ/ and the voiced /ð/. These two sounds are very similar in many ways — the tongue position is almost identical — but they are produced differently and they can change the meaning of a word.

To make the voiceless /θ/, place the tip of your tongue gently between your upper and lower front teeth (or just touching the back of your top teeth). Push air out through the gap, like a soft hiss, but do not switch on your voice. Your throat should not vibrate. Hold a thin piece of paper in front of your mouth — it should move. Examples: think, three, breath, thumb, through, month, path.

To make the voiced /ð/, keep your tongue in exactly the same position, but this time switch on your voice. You should feel a clear buzz in your throat and a vibration on your fingers if you touch your neck. The air still comes out through the gap between your tongue and teeth, but now you are adding sound. Examples: the, this, that, they, breathe, mother, although.

Why does this matter? Several of the words in this lesson begin with one of these two sounds. The word the is pronounced with a voiced /ð/, and the relative pronoun that is also pronounced with /ð/. In connected speech, the short word the becomes very quick and weak before a consonant: /ðə cat/. The word that is stronger, especially when it is stressed at the beginning of a relative clause: /ðæt we saw yesterday/. Listening carefully to this difference will help you understand spoken English about conservation more easily.

A good way to practise is to put your fingers on your throat and say the following pairs aloud. You should feel vibration in the second word of each pair but not in the first:

think — this
breath — breathe
mouth — mother
path — they

Try reading the example sentence below and notice how many th words you can hear: The three hundred thousand species that live in this forest are threatened by habitat loss. Count them — there are at least five! When you meet a long word like threatened, remember that the consonant cluster thr is pronounced by combining the voiceless /θ/ with a quick /r/ afterwards. Do not insert a vowel between the letters.

الموضوع: صوت الـ "th" - اتنين شكلين مختلفين

يا صديقي، النهاردة هنتكلم عن صوت مهم جداً في اللغة الإنجليزية، وهو صوت الـ "th". الصوت ده ليه شكلين: واحد voiceless (من غير صوت الحنجرة)، وواحد voiced (مع صوت الحنجرة). الاتنين متشابهين جداً في وضع اللسان، بس الفرق إنك في الأول بتبقى ساكت صوتياً، وفي التاني بتشغل صوتك.

إزاي تعمل صوت الـ voiceless /θ/؟

حط طرف لسانك برفق بين سنانك العلوية والسفلية، أو على ضهر سنانك العلوية.
اندفع هوا من الفم زي الهمس الخفيف.
متشغلش صوت الحنجرة. لو حطيت إيدك على زورك، مش هتحس بأي رجفة.
جرب تقول: think, three, breath, thumb, through, month, path.

طب الـ voiced /ð/ إزاي؟

نفس وضع اللسان بالظبط، بس المرة دي شغل صوت الحنجرة. هتحس برجفة واضحة في زورك. الهوا بيفضل بيطلع من نفس المكان، بس دلوقتي بتضيف صوت معاه. جرب تقول: the, this, that, they, breathe, mother, although.

ليه الفرق ده مهم في الدرس ده؟

كلمة the بتنطق بالـ voiced /ð/، ونفس الموضوع لكلمة that اللي بتستخدم كـ relative pronoun. في الكلام السريع، كلمة the بتضعف جداً قبل consonant وبتنطق زي /ðə cat/. أما كلمة that فبتكون أقوى وخصوصاً لما تجي في أول relative clause زي /ðæt we saw yesterday/.

تدريب سريع على الأزواج:

حط إيدك على زورك وقول الأزواج دي بصوت عالي:

think — this
breath — breathe
mouth — mother
path — they

هتحس رجفة في الكلمة التانية بس، مش في الأولى.

نصيحة للكلمات الطويلة:

لما تقابل كلمة زي threatened أو three أو thousand، افتكر إن الـ cluster "thr" بيتنطق بإنك تعمل الـ /θ/ وبعدها على طول صوت الـ /r/، من غير ما تحط أي vowel بينهم.

To make /θ/: tongue between teeth, push air, no voice. To make /ð/: same position, but switch on your voice and feel the buzz. Both sounds are common in words about nature and conservation.

Required

Listen carefully. Which word did you hear?

think
this

Required

Read the word aloud. Focus on the voiceless /θ/ — push air, no voice.

think

Required

Read the phrase aloud. Notice the voiced /ð/ in 'the' and 'three'.

the three thousand species

Required

Read the phrase aloud. Be careful with the 'thr' cluster at the start of 'threatened'.

Threatened habitats

Speaking

7 cards

In this speaking section, you will practise describing a wildlife conservation project. First, you will hear a short model conversation between two friends, then you will repeat the key phrases, and finally you will have a live conversation with your AI partner. The model conversation is short so that you can focus on natural rhythm and pronunciation.

Useful phrases for describing a project include:

'The project aims to protect an endangered species.'
'Volunteers are responsible for monitoring the population.'
'The main threat is habitat loss / poaching / climate change.'
'As a result, the population has increased / decreased by 15%.'
'The reserve, which was set up in 2010, now has 200 animals.'

When you describe a project, follow a simple structure: name the project and the place, state the aim, describe the main activities, mention the current results, and finish with the next goal. This clear structure makes your description easier for the listener to follow and shows that you can organise your ideas well.

Pay attention to the rhythm of the model conversation. Native speakers often link words together in connected speech. For example, 'the project aims to' is usually pronounced more like /ðə prɒdʒekt ɑɪmz tə/, with quick, soft vowels. Don't try to pronounce every word separately — let them flow together. In your roleplay, the AI partner will ask you follow-up questions, so be ready to give reasons, examples and results, not just facts.

Finally, remember to speak at a natural pace, take a breath between ideas, and not worry about small mistakes. Clear communication matters more than perfection. By the end of this section, you should feel confident describing a real conservation project in your own words.

في الـsection ده، هتتعلم إزاي تصف مشروع حماية حيوانات (wildlife conservation project) بشكل واضح ومنظم بالإنجليزي. الـtask بسيط: صاحبك هيسألك عن مشروع، وإنت لازم تشرح المكان، الـaim، الأنشطة، والنتايج. الفكرة إنك تتكلم زي ما بتتكلم مع صاحبك في الحقيقة، مش إنك تقرأ كلام محفوظ من ورقة.

عشان كلامك يبقى منظم وسهل على المستمع، اتبع الـstructure ده:

الاسم والمكان: ابدأ باسم المشروع والمكان اللي فيه، زي "There's a project in Kenya that protects black rhinos."
الـaim: استخدم aims to عشان تقول الهدف، زي "The project aims to reduce poaching and increase the rhino population."
الأنشطة: قول إيه اللي بيتعمل عملياً، زي "It uses anti-poaching patrols and GPS tracking."
النتايج: استخدم as a result عشان تربط النتيجة بالهدف، زي "As a result, the population has grown by 15% over the last five years."

في جُمل وعبارات كتير مفيدة لازم تاخد بالك منها:

aims to + verb: معناها "يهدف إلى"، وده أهم verb في الـsection كله.
is responsible for + gerund: معناها "مسؤول عن"، زي "Volunteers are responsible for monitoring the population."
as a result: معناها "نتيجةً لذلك"، وده linking phrase بيخلّي كلامك logical ومنظم.
which + past simple: ده relative clause بتستخدمه عشان تضيف معلومة على حاجة ذكرتها قبل كده، زي "The reserve, which was set up in 2010, now has 200 animals."

من ناحية الـpronunciation والـrhythm، خلّي بالك إن الإنجليز بيـlink الكلمات مع بعض. مثلاً جملة "the project aims to" بتتقال كده تقريباً "thuh pro-ject aimz tuh"، فالـvowels بتكون سريعة وناعمة. متركزش على نطق كل كلمة لوحدها، سيب الكلام ينساب طبيعي.

في الـroleplay مع الـAI، جهّز نفسك إن الـAI هيسألك follow-up questions زي "What's the main aim?" أو "And is it working?"، فابقى مستعد تدّي reasons وأمثلة ونتايج، مش بس حقائق جافة. أهم حاجة: اتكلم بـnatural pace، خُد نفس بين كل فكرة، ومتقلقش من الأخطاء الصغيرة. الـclear communication أهم بكتير من الـperfection.

Listen to a short model conversation between two friends about a conservation project in Kenya.

E
Emma Tell me about a conservation project you've heard of.
T
Tom Sure. There's a project in Kenya that protects black rhinos.
E
Emma What's the main aim?
T
Tom The project aims to reduce poaching and increase the rhino population. It uses anti-poaching patrols and GPS tracking.
E
Emma And is it working?
T
Tom Yes, as a result, the population has grown by 15% over the last five years.

The project aims to protect an endangered species, and as a result, the population has increased by 15%.

This is a useful model sentence. It names the aim and gives a clear result.

Required

Read the sentence aloud at a natural pace. Focus on linking 'project' to 'aims'.

The project aims to protect an endangered species.

Required

Read the sentence aloud. Try to keep the rhythm smooth.

As a result, the population has increased by 15% over the last five years.

Required

You are talking to a friend about a wildlife conservation project you know about. Start by naming the project and the place, then explain the aim, describe one main activity, mention one result, and answer any follow-up questions your partner asks.

Required

I CAN use defining relative clauses to give essential information
I CAN use non-defining relative clauses with commas correctly
I CAN describe conservation projects using key vocabulary like habitat, endangered, sanctuary and breeding
I CAN pronounce the /θ/ and /ð/ sounds in words like 'the' and 'that'
I CAN understand a conversation about a conservation project
I CAN talk about a conservation project with a partner

Vocabulary

6 cards

To talk about wildlife conservation, you need specific vocabulary. Whether you are reading an article, watching a documentary, or describing a project to a friend, these words will appear again and again. The table below introduces eight key words. Each word is shown with its part of speech, a brief translation, and a short example sentence in a conservation context.

Word	Part of speech	Meaning (AR)	Example
habitat	noun	بيئة طبيعية / موطن	The polar bear's habitat is shrinking as the ice melts.
endangered	adjective	مهدد بالانقراض	The mountain gorilla is still critically endangered.
poaching	noun	الصيد الجائر	Poaching has reduced the African elephant population by 30%.
sanctuary	noun	محمية	The bird sanctuary releases injured owls back into the wild.
species	noun	نوع / فصيلة	Over 8,000 species are at risk of extinction worldwide.
conservation	noun	حماية الطبيعة	Conservation work needs both scientific knowledge and local support.
predator	noun	حيوان مفترس	The snow leopard is a predator that lives high in the mountains.
breeding	adjective / noun	التكاثر	A breeding programme has saved the Arabian oryx from extinction.

Notice how several of these words form common collocations — natural word partnerships that English speakers use as fixed phrases. For example, we say endangered species (not endangered animals), wildlife sanctuary (not animal sanctuary), anti-poaching patrol (not against-poaching patrol), breeding programme (not breeding program), and habitat loss (not habitat reduction). Learning these fixed phrases is one of the fastest ways to make your English sound more natural and fluent.

It is also useful to know the difference between some similar words. Species is the same in singular and plural (one species, many species). Predator describes an animal that hunts other animals, while prey describes the animal being hunted. Conservation is the activity of protecting nature, while conservationist is the person who does it. Sanctuary is similar to reserve or national park, but a sanctuary is usually smaller and focuses on caring for individual animals, while a reserve or national park protects a whole area of land and the wildlife in it. Keeping these small differences in mind will help you choose the right word when you speak and write.

Finally, watch out for spelling and pronunciation. Endangered is often misspelled as endagered — remember the 'n' before 'd'. Poaching is pronounced /ˈpəʊtʃɪŋ/ with an 'tch' sound, not /pɒtʃɪŋ/. Habitat has the stress on the first syllable: /ˈhæbɪtæt/.

كلمات حماية الحياة البرية بالإنجليزي

الدرس ده بيقدّملك ٨ كلمات أساسية هتحتاجها لما تتكلّم عن حماية الحيوانات والطبيعة. لو بتشاهد وثائقي على نتفليكس، أو بتقرأ خبر عن انقراض نوع ما، أو حتى بتتكلّم مع صاحبك عن حيوانك المفضّل، الكلمات دي هتظهر قدامك في كل مكان.

كولوكيشنز مهمة لازم تحفظها

في الإنجليزي فيه تعبيرات بتتكرر كتير كوحدة واحدة، اسمها collocations. لو حفظتهم كده هيبقى كلامك طبيعي جداً:

endangered species (مش endangered animals)
wildlife sanctuary (مش animal sanctuary)
anti-poaching patrol (يعني فريق بيتمشّى في المنطقة بيمنع الصيّادين غير الشرعيين)
breeding programme (في بريطانيا بيتقالوا programme مش program)
habitat loss (مش habitat reduction)

فرق بين الكلمات المتشابهة

كلمة species بتنطق وبتتكتب بنفس الطريقة في المفرد والجمع. يعني بنقول "one species" و "many species"، مفيش s في الآخر. فلازم تاخد بالك منها في الامتحان.

لما تتكلّم عن السلسلة الغذائية، predator هو الحيوان اللي بيصيد، و prey هو الحيوان اللي بيتصاد. دول كلمتين متقابلين، سهل تخلط بينهم.

conservation هي عملية حماية الطبيعة نفسها، لكن الشخص اللي بيعمل النشاط ده بنسمّيه conservationist. يعني الفعل والاسم والمهن كلها متربطة ببعض.

وكلمة sanctuary مش زي national park بالظبط. الـ sanctuary أصغر وبيركّز على إنه يرعى حيوانات معيّنة، لكن الـ national park بيحمي مساحة كبيرة من الأرض بكل اللي فيها. الـ reserve قريب منهم الاتنين، بس بيحمي المنطقة ككل.

انتبه للتهجأة والنطق

endangered — كتير بيكتبوها "endagered" غلط، افتكر إن فيه حرف n قبل الـ d.
poaching — بتنطق "pou-ching" بصوت الـ tch، مش "potching".
habitat — الضغط على المقطع الأول: HA-bi-tat.

خد وقتك في البطاقات اللي تحت، اسمع كل كلمة وكرّرها بصوت عالي عشان تثبت في ذاكرتك.

Read the new words for wildlife conservation. Click each word to hear it and see a picture.

breeding ˈbriːdɪŋ
The process of raising animals or plants to reproduce, especially to improve their qualities. Also refers to t
conservation ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃən
The protection of plants, animals, natural resources, and the environment from loss or damage.
endangered ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd
At risk of disappearing or becoming extinct, especially referring to species of animals or plants.
habitat ˈhæbɪtæt
The natural environment in which a plant, animal, or other organism lives, grows, and reproduces.
poaching ˈpəʊtʃɪŋ
The illegal hunting, capturing, or catching of wild animals, birds, or fish, typically in violation of wildlif
predator ˈpredətə
A predator is an animal that hunts and kills other animals for food.
sanctuary ˈsæŋk.tjʊ.ər.i
A sanctuary is a place of refuge or safety where people or animals are protected from harm. It can also refer
species ˈspiːʃiːz
A group of similar organisms that can breed together and produce fertile offspring, sharing common characteris