← Horizons B2 B2 Arabic

10A Grammar

Close relationships

Unit 10

I CAN use the present perfect continuous for ongoing situations
I CAN read about family relationships

Grammar

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The present perfect continuous describes an action that started in the past and is still continuing now, or that has just stopped but whose effects are still felt in the present. We use it when we want to emphasise the duration of an activity or to explain a present situation.

Form

The present perfect continuous is formed with have / has + been + verb-ing.

Form	Example
Positive	I have been waiting for two hours.
Negative	She hasn't been feeling well lately.
Question	How long have you been studying English?
Short answer	Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.

The verb been is the same in every sentence — it is the past participle of be. The main verb always ends in -ing.

When do we use it?

We use the present perfect continuous in three main situations:

Actions that started in the past and are still happening now.
We have been living in London since 2018.
The action started in 2018 and is still true today. The focus is on how long the situation has lasted.
Actions that have recently stopped, with results in the present.
I've been gardening all morning. That's why my hands are dirty.
The gardening has just finished, and we can see the result now (dirty hands).
Temporary situations.
She's been working as a temporary teacher for six months.
This may change in the future; it is not a permanent state.

Time expressions

The most common time expressions with the present perfect continuous are:

for + a period: for three years, for a long time, for ages
since + a point in time: since 2020, since I was a child, since last Monday
lately and recently: I've been feeling tired lately.
all day / all morning / all week: He's been studying all day.
how long: How long have you been waiting?

Present perfect continuous vs. present perfect simple

Both tenses can be used with for and since, but the focus is different. The simple form focuses on the result or completion; the continuous form focuses on the activity or duration.

Tense	Focus	Example
Present perfect simple	Result or how many times	I have read three books this month.
Present perfect continuous	Activity or how long	I have been reading all morning.

In this lesson, we focus on the continuous form because close relationships are usually ongoing situations that started in the past and continue in the present.

الـ Present Perfect Continuous

الـ present perfect continuous ده tense مهم جدًا في الإنجليزي، وبيتكوّن من have / has + been + verb-ing. القاعدة بسيطة:

مع I, you, we, they بنقول have been
مع he, she, it بنقول has been
وكلمة been دي ثابتة في كل جملة لأنها الـ past participle بتاعت be
الـ verb الأساسي دايمًا بيختتم بـ -ing

أمثلة سريعة

I have been waiting for two hours. (أنا مستنّي من ساعتين)
She hasn't been feeling well lately. (هي مكنتش حاسة بخير في الفترة الأخيرة)
How long have you been studying English? (من امتى بتدرس إنجليزي؟)

امتى بالظبط بنستخدمه؟

فيه 3 مواقف أساسية لازم تحفظهم:

Action بدأت في الماضي ولسه ماشية لحد دلوقتي: We have been living in London since 2018. — يعني بدأنا عايشين في لندن من 2018 وإحنا لسه هناك.
Action خلصت من شوية بس النتيجة موجودة في الحاضر: I've been gardening all morning. That's why my hands are dirty. — البستنة خلصت، بس إيدينا وسخة وأنا بستحمى من النتيجة.
Situations مؤقتة مش دائمة: She's been working as a temporary teacher for six months. — الشغل ده ممكن يتغيّر في أي وقت.

الـ time expressions اللي بتدلّك على الـ tense ده

for + فترة: for three years, for a long time, for ages
since + نقطة زمنية: since 2020, since last Monday, since I was a child
lately / recently: I've been feeling tired lately.
all day / all morning / all week: He's been studying all day.
how long: How long have you been waiting?

الفرق بين الـ Simple و الـ Continuous

الاتنين بياخدوا for و since، بس الفرق في الـ focus:

الـ present perfect simple بيركّز على الـ result أو العدد: I have read three books this month. (نتيجة)
الـ present perfect continuous بيركّز على الـ activity نفسها أو مدتها: I have been reading all morning. (النشاط والمدة)

لما تلاقي الجملة بتتكلم عن علاقة أو situation مستمرة أو مؤقتة، غالبًا الـ continuous هيبقى هو الصح. في الـ exercises اللي جاية، خلي بالك من الـ time expressions دي لأنها هي اللي هتدلّك على الـ tense المناسب.

We have been living in London since 2018.

Model sentence 1: an ongoing situation that started in the past and is still true now.

I've been gardening all morning. That's why my hands are dirty.

Model sentence 2: a recently finished action with a result in the present.

Required

Look at the two sentences above. What three words always come before the -ing verb in the present perfect continuous?

have / has been
do / does
am / is / are
will be

Required

My sister _____ (live) in Madrid since January.

Required

I _____ (wait) for the bus for twenty minutes!

Required

We _____ (not / hear) from our cousins lately.

Required

Which sentence is correct?

She has been working here for five years.
She has been work here for five years.
She has been worked here for five years.

Required

We use the present perfect continuous when the action started in the past and is still continuing now.

Required

Put the words in the correct order to make a question.

How
long
you
have
been
waiting
?

Listening

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In this section, you will hear a conversation between two friends, Lily and Sam. They are talking about Lily's brother, who has been living and working in Canada for almost three years. Listen carefully to the details about how long he has been away, what he has been doing, and what the family has been planning.

Before you listen, think about this question: When you have a close family member who lives far away, what do you usually do to keep the relationship strong? Do you call, video-chat, write letters, or visit? This will help you predict some of the words and ideas you are about to hear.

While you listen, pay particular attention to:

the present perfect continuous forms (has been working, have been missing, have been planning);
the time expressions for and since;
the weak form of have in contractions such as he's, we've and they've.

You will hear the conversation twice. The first time, focus on the general meaning (the gist). The second time, listen for the specific details you will be asked about.

Listening Focus: Present Perfect Continuous in Real Conversation

الحوار ده بين Lily و Sam، وبيستخدم present perfect continuous بشكل طبيعي جداً. الـ tense ده بيبقى مفيد لما نحكي عن حاجة بدأت في الماضي ولسه مستمرة لحد دلوقتي، أو عن أثر واضح في اللحظة الحالية.

إزاي بيتكوّن؟

الصيغة بسيطة: has/have + been + verb-ing

مع he / she / it نستخدم has been
مع I / you / we / they نستخدم have been

أمثلة من الحوار

"Has he been working hard over there?" → Sam بيقوله إنه شغال بجد من فترة ولسه.
"He's been studying and working part-time." → الدراسة والشغل بدأوا من شهور وساعات بيفضل مستمرين.
"How long has he been in Canada now?" → السؤال عن المدة اللي ابتدت في الماضي ولسه شغالة.
"We've been missing him so much." → الفقدان بدأ من لما سابهم ولسه موجود.
"We've been planning a trip for months!" → التخطيط مستمر من شهور.

حروف الجر المهمة: for ولا since؟

for بنستخدمها مع مدة زمنية (عدد + فترة): for almost three years، for months، for two hours.
since بنستخدمها مع نقطة زمنية محددة أو حدث: since last month، since 2021، since he left.

في الحوار بنسمع الاتنين: "for almost three years" للمدة، و "since last month" للنقطة.

Weak form of "have"

لما بنختصرها في الكلام السريع، بتضعف جداً: /həz/, /həv/.

he's been مش he has been كاملة
we've been مش we have been

ده اللي بيخلي الإنجليزي الطبيعي يبقى سريع وسلس. لما تسمعها، متستغربش - دي طريقة الناطقين الأصليين بيتكلموا بيها كل يوم.

النصيحة العملية

في الـ listening، ركز على الكلمات الدالة على المدة (for, since, how long, recently, for months) لأنها هتدلك على الـ verb اللي بعدها غالباً هيكون في الـ present perfect continuous.

Lily is talking to her friend Sam about her brother, who has been living in Canada for almost three years. Listen for the details about what he has been doing and what the family is planning.

L
Lily Sam, have you heard from my brother recently?
S
Sam Not since last month. Has he been working hard over there?
L
Lily Yes, he's been studying and working part-time. He's been doing really well.
S
Sam How long has he been in Canada now?
L
Lily He's been there for almost three years. We've been missing him so much.
S
Sam Have you been thinking about visiting him?
L
Lily We've been planning a trip for months! My parents have been saving up.
S
Sam That's wonderful. I bet he's been looking forward to seeing you.

Required

What is the conversation mainly about?

Lily's brother, who has been living in Canada
A holiday that Sam is planning for himself
A new job that Sam has just started

Required

What has Lily's brother been doing in Canada?

He has been studying and working part-time.
He has been travelling around the country.
He has been writing a book about his life.

Required

Lily's brother has been in Canada for _____ three years.

Pronunciation

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In natural, connected English speech, the verb have does not always sound like the strong word /hæv/. When we use contractions such as I've, you've, we've and they've, the h disappears and the vowel reduces. The result is a quick, smooth /v/ sound at the end of the word.

This weak form is essential for sounding natural in English. We almost always use it in present perfect sentences, because the auxiliary have carries very little stress. Listen to how have changes in these contractions:

Contraction	Strong form	Weak form
I have	/aɪ hæv/	I've /aɪv/
you have	/juː hæv/	you've /juːv/
we have	/wiː hæv/	we've /wiːv/
they have	/ðeɪ hæv/	they've /ðeɪv/
would have	/wʊd hæv/	would've /wʊdəv/

How to produce the /v/ sound

The /v/ sound is a voiced labiodental fricative. To make it:

Place your upper teeth lightly on your lower lip.
Let the air flow through the small gap between them.
Switch your voice on — you should feel a vibration in your throat.
Hold the sound for about one second.

If you put your hand on your throat and say /f/... /f/... /f/, you will feel no vibration. Now say /v/... /v/... /v/ — you will feel a strong buzzing. That buzzing is called voicing, and it is the only difference between /f/ and /v/.

Linking with the next word

In the present perfect continuous, the /v/ at the end of the contraction often links directly to the next word beginning with a vowel or the word been:

I've been → /aɪv bɪn/
We've lived → /wiːv lɪvd/
They've always → /ðeɪv ɔːlweɪz/

This linking makes the sentence flow more smoothly and is very common in natural English. In rapid speech, I've been can even sound like one word: /aɪvbɪn/.

صوت الـ /v/ في الـ Contractions

في الإنجليزي، لما بتقول جمل زي I've been waiting أو you've known أو we've lived، في صوت مهم جداً في الآخر هو اللي بيخلي الجملة تبان طبيعية وسلسة. الصوت ده هو الـ /v/، وده اللي بيحصل لما الكلمة الأصلية have بتتحول لـ contraction.

إيه اللي بيحصل لما بنعمل Contraction؟

لما بنستخدم have مع ضمير، الـ h بتختفي خالص والـ vowel بتقل، فبتفضل بس الـ /v/ في الآخر. بص على الأمثلة دي:

I have → I've /aɪv/
you have → you've /juːv/
we have → we've /wiːv/
they have → they've /ðeɪv/
would have → would've /wʊdəv/

إزاي بتعمل صوت الـ /v/؟

الـ /v/ اسمه voiced labiodental fricative. الكلام ده معناه:

Labio = الشفة
dental = الأسنان
fricative = الهواء بيعدي من شق ضيق
voiced = الـ vocal cords بتتهز

الخطوات بالظبط:

حط أسنانك العلوية على شفتك السفلية بهدوء.
سيب الهواء يعدي من الشق الصغير اللي بينهم.
شغل صوتك — لازم تحس بـ vibration في زورك.

الفرق بين /f/ و /v/

الاتنين نفس الحركة تماماً — أسنان فوق على شفة تحت. الفرق الوحيد هو الـ voicing:

/f/ = voiceless (مفيش vibration في الزور)
/v/ = voiced (فيه vibration أو buzzing قوي)

عشان تحس الفرق بإيدك، قول /f/... /f/... /f/ وحط إيدك على زورك — مش هتحس بحاجة. بعدين قول /v/... /v/... /v/ وهتحس buzzing واضح. ده هو الـ voicing.

الـ Linking في الجمل

في الـ present perfect continuous، الـ /v/ اللي في الآخر بتلزق على الكلمة اللي بعدها لو بدأت بـ vowel أو بكلمة been:

/I've been/ → /aɪv bɪn/
/We've lived/ → /wiːv lɪvd/
/They've always/ → /ðeɪv ɔːlweɪz/

ده بيخلي الكلام يتدفق بشكل طبيعي جداً. في الكلام السريع، ممكن I've been تبان زي كلمة واحدة: /aɪvbɪn/.

نصيحة أخيرة

لما تسمع الجمل في التمرين اللي تحت، ركز على الـ buzz في الآخر وحاول تعمل نفس الـ vibration بإيدك على زورك عشان تتأكد إنك بتعمل الصوت صح.

Place your upper teeth gently on your lower lip. Switch your voice ON and let the air flow out. Feel the buzz in your throat. That is the /v/ sound. In contractions like I've, you've, we've, they've, the /v/ at the end links smoothly to the next word.

Required

Listen to the sentence. How is 'have' pronounced in the contraction 'I've'?

as a strong /hæv/ with full vowel
as a weak /əv/ ending with a voiced /v/
as a silent letter, with no consonant at the end

Required

Read the sentence aloud. Focus on the /v/ at the end of 'I've' and how it links to 'been'.

I've been studying all morning.

Required

Read the sentence aloud. Notice the /v/ at the end of 'We've' linking into 'known'.

We've known each other for years.

Required

Read the sentence aloud. The /v/ at the end of 'They've' should link smoothly to 'been'.

They've been saving up for a holiday.

Reading

6 cards

Many people describe a sibling, especially a sister or brother, as one of the most important relationships in their life. In this section, you will read a short blog post in which a woman called Anna writes about her relationship with her younger sister, Sophie.

Strategy: Skimming for the main idea

When you skim a text, you read it quickly to get the general idea. You do not stop at every word. Instead, look at the title, the first sentence of each paragraph, and the last paragraph. Within about 30 seconds, you should be able to say what the text is about.

Apply this strategy to the blog post below. Read it once quickly to get the main idea, then read it again more slowly to find the specific details you will be asked about.

Key words to look out for

cherish (verb): to love and protect something or someone very much
distant (adjective): far away in feeling; not close
giggles (noun): quiet, silly laughs
supportive (adjective): giving help and encouragement
inseparable (adjective): always together; never apart

The blog post is about 110 words long and is written in a personal, friendly style — typical of a personal blog. As you read, notice the present perfect forms (have been lucky, have always been close, have been talking, have been reminding) — they are used to talk about the long, ongoing relationship between the two sisters.

استراتيجية الـ Skimming وإزاي تقرا بسرعة

في الدرس ده هتتعلم إزاي تطلع الفكرة الرئيسية من أي نص من غير ما تضيع وقتك في كل كلمة. الطريقة اسمها skimming، وهي مهارة مهمة جداً في الـ B2.

يعني إيه Skimming؟

الـ skimming هو إنك تقرأ النص بسرعة عشان تاخد الصورة الكبيرة بس، مش كل التفاصيل. ركز على:

الـ title (العنوان)
أول جملة في كل paragraph
آخر paragraph

خد عندك 30 ثانية واقرأ بالطريقة دي، وبعدين حاول تقول بإختصار: النص ده عن إيه؟

الكلمات المهمة في النص

في الـ blog post هنلاقي خمس كلمات محتاجين تفهمها:

cherish (verb): تحب حد جداً وبتحافظ عليه — مثلاً: I cherish every moment with my sister.
distant (adjective): بعيد في المشاعر، مش قريب — مثلاً: We've never been distant.
giggles (noun): ضحك خفيف وهادي — مثلاً: Her giggles always cheer me up.
supportive (adjective): بيساعدك وبيشجعك — مثلاً: My sister is so supportive.
inseparable (adjective): مش بنفترق أبداً — مثلاً: We were inseparable as kids.

القواعد: Present Perfect للعلاقات المستمرة

في النص الكاتبة بتستخدم present perfect كتير جداً، وده متعمد. الـ present perfect هنا بيعبّر عن علاقة مستمرة من الماضي لحد دلوقتي.

لاحظ الجمل دي من النص:

I have been lucky to have Sophie in my life.
We have always been close.
We have been talking every day.
She has been reminding me to slow down.

القاعدة: لما تستخدم have/has been + verb-ing أو have/has + past participle مع كلمات زي always أو every day أو for years، ده بيبين إن الموقف لسه مستمر من فترة طويلة.

نصيحة عملية

أول ما تفتح النص، خد نفس عميق وابدأ بـ skimming. متقلقش من الكلمات الغريبة — خلي ده للمرحلة التانية. اقرأ الأول بسرعة، وبعدين ارجع اقرأ تاني بهدوء عشان تلاقي التفاصيل اللي محتاجها للأسئلة.

Why Sophie is my best friend

I have been lucky enough to have a sister who is also my best friend. Sophie is three years younger than me, but we have always been very close. As children, we used to spend hours playing together, and our parents say we have been inseparable since the day Sophie was born.

Recently, Sophie has been going through a difficult time at work, and I have been doing everything I can to support her. We have been talking on the phone every evening, and I have been reminding her how strong she is. Although we are very different people, we have always been able to rely on each other. I cannot imagine my life without her.

Required

What is the main idea of the blog post?

Anna explains why her sister Sophie is her best friend.
Anna describes an argument she had with her sister.
Anna gives advice on how to make friends as an adult.

Required

Sophie is three years older than Anna.

Required

Anna and Sophie have been talking on the phone every evening recently.

Required

Why has Anna been reminding Sophie how strong she is?

Because Sophie is going through a difficult time at work.
Because Sophie is moving to another country.
Because Sophie is getting married next month.

Speaking

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In this final section, you will practise talking about a close relationship in your own life. You will learn some useful phrases that English speakers use when they describe people they feel close to, and you will have a short conversation with the AI about it.

Useful phrases for talking about close relationships

We've been friends / close / together for ... — to say how long you have known someone. Example: We've been friends for over ten years.
We've been through a lot together. — to say that you have shared important or difficult experiences.
I can always rely on / count on him / her. — to say that someone is dependable and will help you.
We've been keeping in touch by ... — to say how you stay in contact, for example by phone, by email, or on social media.
He's / She's been there for me. — to say that someone has supported you in difficult times.
We have a really close bond. — to describe the strong feeling of connection between you.

When to use the present perfect continuous

Use the present perfect continuous when you want to emphasise that the relationship or the contact is still continuing now. The present perfect simple is also correct, but in this lesson we are practising the continuous form because it sounds more natural for ongoing situations.

First, listen to the model conversation between Emma and Tom. Then repeat the key sentences. Finally, you will have a live conversation with the AI. Try to use at least three of the phrases above, and try to include the present perfect continuous.

في الجزء ده هنتكلم عن العلاقات القريبة وإزاي نوصفها بالإنجليزي بشكل طبيعي. الموضوع بسيط بس مهم، لأن في حياة كل واحد فينا شخص بنحس إنه قريب لينا أوي، سواء صاحب، أخت، أم، أو حتى حد من العيلة.

القاعدة الأساسية هنا هي الـ Present Perfect Continuous، يعني الفعل التام المستمر. إحنا بنستخدمها لما عايزين نقول إن العلاقة دي أو التواصل لسه مستمر لحد دلوقتي، مش حاجة خلصت زمان. الصيغة بتاعتها سهلة: have/has + been + verb-ing. شوف الأمثلة دي:

We've been friends for over ten years. (إحنا أصحاب من أكتر من عشر سنين)
I've been relying on her a lot recently. (أنا معتمد عليها كتير في الفترة الأخيرة)
We've been keeping in touch by phone. (إحنا على تواصل بالتليفون)

لاحظ إن الـ continuous بتدي إحساس إن الموضوع لسه شغال ومكمل في اللحظة دي.

أهم العبارات اللي هتحتاجها لما تيجي تصف علاقة قريبة:

"We've been close since we were children" — يعني "إحنا قراب من أيام الطفولة".
"I can always rely on her" أو "count on her" — "أنا دايماً بقدر أعتمد عليها".
"She's been there for me through everything" — "هي كانت جنبي في كل حاجة، الحلوة والصعبة".
"We have a really close bond" — "إحنا عندنا رباط قوي جداً بينا".
"We've been through a lot together" — "إحنا عدينا بأوقات كتير مع بعض".

نصيحة عملية: لما تتكلم، حاول تدمج كذا عبارة مع بعض في جملة واحدة عشان كلامك يطلع سلس وطبيعي. مثلاً: "We've been close since we were children, and I can always rely on her." دي جملة واحدة فيها تعبيرين مهمين.

لما تيجي تتكلم مع الـ AI، فكّر في حد قريبلك فعلاً وحاول تحكي قصتك باستخدام الـ present perfect continuous. مش لازم تكون طويلة، المهم تكون طبيعية وصادقة، وركّز على إنك تبيّن إن العلاقة لسه شغالة لحد دلوقتي.

Listen to this short model conversation. Emma and Tom are talking about a close relationship in their lives.

T
Tom Emma, can I ask you something? Who is the person you feel closest to in your life?
E
Emma My sister, without a doubt. We've been close since we were children.
T
Tom How long have you been keeping in touch like this?
E
Emma We've been talking on the phone every week for years. She's been there for me through everything.
T
Tom That sounds like a really close bond.
E
Emma It is. I can always rely on her, no matter what.

We've been close since we were children, and I can always rely on her.

A model phrase combining the present perfect continuous with the vocabulary from this lesson. Read it aloud.

Required

Read the sentence aloud. Focus on the weak form /v/ at the end of 'We've'.

We've been friends for over ten years.

Required

Read the sentence aloud. Notice how the two -ing forms (been relying) flow together.

I've been relying on her a lot recently.

Required

You are going to have a short conversation with Tom about someone you feel close to. Try to use the present perfect continuous (have/has been + -ing) and the vocabulary from this lesson (close, rely on, trust, share, support, get on with, bond).

Required

I CAN use the present perfect continuous to talk about ongoing situations
I CAN read about family relationships and identify the main idea and specific details
I CAN use vocabulary like bond, close, rely on, get on with, fall out with, support, share and trust
I CAN pronounce the weak form of 'have' in contractions like I've, we've and they've
I CAN listen to a conversation about family and answer gist and detail questions
I CAN speak about a close relationship in my own life using the present perfect continuous

Vocabulary

6 cards

Close relationships are the bonds that shape our lives. We use specific words in English to describe the people we feel closest to and the actions that keep these connections strong. In this lesson, you will learn eight key words and phrases that English speakers use when they talk about family, friends, and partners.

A close relationship is one in which people know each other well and care about each other deeply. A bond is the strong feeling of connection that holds two people together. When we rely on someone, we trust that person to help us when we need it. To support someone means to help them through difficult times, both emotionally and practically. The verb share has two common uses: we can share things (give part of something to someone else) or share experiences (enjoy something together). To trust someone is to believe that they are honest and will not hurt or betray you.

English also uses several phrasal verbs to talk about the quality of relationships. To get on with somebody means to have a good, friendly relationship with them. For example, I get on with my brother-in-law really well. The opposite is to fall out with somebody, which means to have an argument and stop being friendly for a time: They fell out with each other over money. These phrasal verbs are extremely common in everyday English, so it is worth practising them in context.

Look at the table below. For each word you will see its part of speech, a short meaning in your language, and an example sentence that shows how the word is used in real life. Read the example sentences carefully — they will help you remember not just the meaning but also the typical grammar of each word.

Word	Part of speech	Meaning	Example
bond	noun	رابطة	The bond between the twins is very strong.
close	adjective	قريب	We've been close friends since primary school.
rely on	verb	يعتمد على	I rely on my sister when I have a problem.
get on with	phrasal verb	ينسجم مع	I get on with my brother-in-law really well.
fall out with	phrasal verb	يتشاجر مع	They fell out with each other over money.
support	verb	يدعم	My parents have always supported my decisions.
share	verb	يشارك	We share all the housework at home.
trust	verb	يثق بـ	I trust him completely with my secrets.

You will notice that many of the example sentences use the present perfect (We've been, have always supported) — this is because close relationships are usually long-lasting, and the present perfect is the tense we use for situations that started in the past and continue in the present. You will study this tense in detail in the next section.

الكلمات اللي هناخدها النهاردة بتتكلم عن العلاقات القريبة — زي العيلة، الأصحاب، أو الشريك. في اللغة الإنجليزية عندنا كلمات وفيربس معينة بتوصف العلاقات دي وإزاي نحافظ عليها.

الكلمات الأساسية

bond (اسم): معناها "رابطة" أو "علاقة قوية". بتتقال لما يكون فيه شعور عميق بيربط بين اتنين. مثال: The bond between the twins is very strong.
close (صفة): معناها "قريب". بنقول close friend أو close relationship عشان نوصف إن العلاقة فيها قرب ومودة. مثال: We've been close friends since primary school.
rely on (فعل مركب من كلمتين): معناها "يعتمد على". لما بتقول I rely on my sister يعني بتثق إنها هتساعدك وقت الحاجة. مثال: I rely on my sister when I have a problem.
support (فعل): يعني "يدعم"، سواء بالكلام الطيب أو بالفعل. مثال: My parents have always supported my decisions.
share (فعل): ليها معنيين مهمين — ممكن "تشارك في حاجة مادية" زي الشغل في البيت، أو "تشارك تجربة" مع حد تاني. مثال: We share all the housework at home.
trust (فعل): يعني "يثق بـ"، أي إنه يفتكر الشخص ده أمين ومش هيتخانق معاه. مثال: I trust him completely with my secrets.

Phrasal verbs مهمة جدًا

get on with: معناها "ينسجم مع" أو "يكون عنده علاقة كويسة مع حد". مثال: I get on with my brother-in-law really well.
fall out with: معناها "يتشاجر مع حد" ويبعدوا عن بعض فترة. مثال: They fell out with each other over money. دول عكس بعض — الأول علاقة كويسة، والتاني خناقة.

ملاحظة جرامر مهمة

لاحظ إن أغلب الجمل استخدمت الـ present perfect، زي We've been و have always supported. ليه؟ لأن العلاقات القريبة غالبًا بتبقى مستمرة من زمن بعيد لحد دلوقتي، والـ present perfect هو الـ tense اللي بنستخدمه لما الحاجة بدأت في الماضي ولسه شغّالة. هنتكلم عن ده بالتفصيل في القسم الجاي.

Here are the eight key words for talking about close relationships. Tap each word to see its meaning and an example sentence.

bond bɒnd
A strong connection or relationship between people, things, or ideas; a force that joins things together.
close kləʊz
to change from being open to not being open , or to cause something to do this: When a shop , restaurant , or
fall out with ˈfɔːl aʊt wɪð
To have an argument or disagreement with someone, resulting in damage to the relationship or friendship.
get on with ɡet ɒn wɪð
1) To continue doing work or a task, especially after a delay. 2) To have a good, friendly relationship with s
rely on rɪˈlaɪ ɒn
To depend on someone or something; to trust that someone will help you or provide what you need.
share ʃeə
To divide something among a group of people so that each person has a portion, or to give part of what you hav
support səˈpɔːt
To help someone by giving them encouragement, money, or other assistance; to hold something up or keep it from
trust
something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)