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2B Grammar

Describe people

Unit 2

I CAN use adjectives to describe people.
I CAN use possessive 's.
I CAN describe a friend or family member.

Grammar

10 cards

To describe what people look like, English speakers often use the verbs have and has. Look at the table below.

Subject	Form	Example
I / You / We / They	have	I have two brothers.
He / She / It	has	She has long hair.

Notice the pattern. With he, she, or it, the verb changes to has. With I, you, we, or they, the verb is have. The meaning is the same: to own or to have something.

To make a negative sentence, use don't or doesn't and keep the base verb have (NOT has).

I don't have a car.
He doesn't have brown eyes.

To ask a question, put do or does in front of the subject. The verb stays have.

Do you have a sister?
Does she have short hair?

We also use 's to talk about who something belongs to. This is called the possessive 's. We add 's to the person's name.

Sara's hair is brown. (the hair of Sara)
My mother's name is Anna.
Tom's eyes are blue.

وصف الناس بالإنجليزي: have و has

أهلاً بيكم! النهاردة هنتعلم إزاي نوصف الناس بالإنجليزي، والفعل الأساسي اللي هنستخدمه هو have ومعناه "عنده" أو "لديه".

القاعدة الأساسية: have / has

في الإنجليزي، الفعل have بيتغير شكله حسب الفاعل:

مع I, you, we, they → بنستخدم have
مع he, she, it → بنستخدم has

أمثلة:

I have a younger brother. (أنا عندي أخ أصغر)
She has long brown hair. (هي عندها شعر بني طويل)

عمل النفي: don't have / doesn't have

عشان تعمل جملة منفية، بتضيف don't أو doesn't وترجّع للفعل الأصلي have (مش has):

I don't have a car. (أنا معنديش عربية)
He doesn't have brown eyes. (هو ماعندوش عين بني)

لاحظ كويس: مع he, she, it بنستخدم doesn't، ومع باقي الضمائر بنستخدم don't.

عمل السؤال: Do / Does

عشان تسأل سؤال، بتحط do أو does قبل الفاعل، والفعل يفضل have:

Do you have a sister? (عندك أخت؟)
Does she have short hair? (عندها شعر قصير؟)

الملكية: Possessive 's

كمان في حاجة حلوة اسمها possessive 's وبنستخدمها عشان نقول إن الحاجة دي بتتبع حد معين. بنضيف 's لاسم الشخص:

Sara's hair is brown. (شعر سارة لونه بني)
My mother's name is Anna. (اسم ماما آنا)
Tom's eyes are blue. (عيون توم زرقا)

نصيحة للتمارين

في التمارين اللي جاية، خلي بالك من الفاعل اللي في أول الجملة، لأنه هو اللي بيحدد هتكتب have ولا has. ركز كمان على النفي والأسئلة لأنهم بييجوا مع نفس الدرس. بالتوفيق!

She has long brown hair.

Read this example. Notice the verb after 'She'.

I have a younger brother.

Read this example. Notice the verb after 'I'.

Required

Look at the two sentences above. What changes after 'She' and 'He'?

have → has
has → have
is → has

Required

She ___ (have/has) big blue eyes.

Required

They ___ (have/has) a small apartment.

Required

He don't have a sister.

Required

Look at the photo. ___ hair is very long. (The hair belongs to Sara.)

Sara
Saras
Sara's
Sara is

Required

Put the words in order to make a question.

Does
she
have
a
brother
?

Required

Drag the correct word to each sentence. Use 'has' or 'have'.

has
have
have
has

She long brown hair.

I a younger brother.

They a small dog.

He blue eyes.

Listening

5 cards

Scene: Emma is at home with her friend Tom. Emma shows Tom a photo on her phone. The photo is of her best friend, Sara. Tom is curious and asks questions about Sara.

Prediction: Before you listen, think about how we describe a person in English. What questions can you ask about a person's name, age, and looks? What words do we use to talk about hair, eyes, and height?

In this conversation, you will hear two people, Emma and Tom. Tom sees a photo and wants to know more about Sara. Listen for:

Sara's name
Her age
Her appearance (what she looks like)
Her family (brothers or sisters)

Pay close attention to the verbs is, has, and have. They give the information about Sara.

The conversation has short sentences. Listen for these key words: tall, thin, long, brown, green, beautiful, years old, brother.

After you listen, you will answer three questions about Sara. Try to remember the details from the conversation.

الحوار اللي هتسمعه بين Emma و Tom قصير وبسيط، بس فيه معلومات كتير عن وصف الناس بالإنجليزي. خلينا نشرح الحاجات المهمة اللي فيه عشان تفهمها صح.

الفرق بين is و has في وصف الناس

في اللغة الإنجليزية، لما تيجي توصف حد، بتستخدم فعلين رئيسيين:

am / is / are وده فعل to be اللي بنستخدمه عشان نوصف صفات الشخص أو عمره أو وظيفته. مثلاً:
She is tall (هي طويلة)
She is 23 years old (عمرها 23 سنة)
She is my best friend (هي صاحبتي المقربة)
have / has وده فعل to have اللي بنستخدمه لما نتكلم عن حاجة عند الشخص، زي الشعر أو العيون أو الإخوات. مثلاً:
She has long brown hair (عندها شعر بني طويل)
She has big green eyes (عندها عيون خضرا كبيرة)
Does she have brothers or sisters? (هل عندها إخوات أو أخوات؟)

قاعدة مهمة في has و have

لاحظ إن لما نتكلم عن شخص واحد (he, she, it) بنستخدم has بدل have، لإن الـ s بتتنقل من الفعل. عشان كده Emma بتقول She has long brown hair ومش بتقول She have. لكن لما نسأل سؤال بنستخدم Does she have، يعني الـ s بتروح على does مش على have.

كلمات أساسية لوصف الشكل

tall = طويل، short = قصير
thin = نحيف
long hair = شعر طويل، brown hair = شعر بني
big green eyes = عيون خضرا كبيرة
beautiful = جميلة

الأسئلة اللي بتسألها عشان توصف حد

What does she look like? = إيه شكلها؟
How old is she? = عمرها كام؟
Does she have brothers or sisters? = عندها إخوات؟

لما تسمع الحوار، ركز على الأفعال is و has عشان هما اللي بيدوك كل المعلومات عن Sara.

Emma shows Tom a photo of her best friend Sara.

E
Emma Hi Tom! Look at this photo on my phone.
T
Tom Oh, who is she?
E
Emma Her name is Sara. She is my best friend from school.
T
Tom What does she look like?
E
Emma She is tall and thin. She has long brown hair and big green eyes.
T
Tom She sounds beautiful. How old is she?
E
Emma She is 23 years old.
T
Tom Does she have brothers or sisters?
E
Emma Yes, she has one brother. His name is Ali.
T
Tom That's great. I want to meet her.

Required

What is the conversation about?

Emma's job
Emma's friend Sara
Tom's family

Required

What color is Sara's hair?

Black
Brown
Blonde

Required

Sara ___ (have/has) one brother. His name is Ali.

Pronunciation

6 cards

The English letter h makes the /h/ sound. We see this sound at the start of many common words: he, has, hair, have, her, his, happy, hot, home.

To make the /h/ sound, open your mouth a little. The tip of your tongue stays down, behind your bottom teeth. Air moves from your throat out of your mouth. Your vocal cords do not vibrate — the sound is very quiet and only air. Put your hand close to your mouth: you feel air, but no buzz.

Be careful: the English /h/ is not the same as the Arabic letter ح (haa). The English /h/ is much softer. It has no strong sound from the throat. It is just a small puff of air.

The /h/ sound appears in many words we use to describe people:

he — a boy or man
has — she has long hair
hair — on your head
have — I have a sister
her — a girl or woman
his — a boy or man (something belongs to him)

Listen carefully to these words. You should hear only a soft puff of air at the start.

صوت الـ /h/ في الإنجليزية

الدرس ده عن صوت الـ /h/ في اللغة الإنجليزية. الصوت ده من أهم الأصوات اللي بنستخدمها كتير في الكلام الإنجليزي، بس كتير من اللي بيتعلموا إنجليزي بيلاقوا صعوبة فيه لأنهم بيخلطوه بصوت الحاء العربي. تعالى نعرف الفرق ونعرف إزاي ننطقه صح.

إزاي بنعمل الصوت ده؟

عشان تعمل صوت الـ /h/، اعمل الحاجات دي:

افتح بقك شوية كده، زي لما هاتنهي بتنهيدة صغيرة.
طرف لسانك يفضل لتحت، ورا سنانك اللي تحت.
سيب الهوا يعدّي من زورك ويطلع من بقك بهدوء.
لازم صوتك ما يهتزش (your vocal cords do not vibrate) — يعني الصوت ده كله مجرد هوا هادي من غير أي رنين.

حط إيدك قدام بقك وانطق أي كلمة فيها حرف h، هتحس بهوا بيسيبلك إيدك بس من غير أي "buzz" أو رنين من جوا.

الفرق بين الـ /h/ الإنجليزي والحاء العربي

الـ /h/ الإنجليزي مش زي حرف "ح" العربي خالص!

الـ /h/ الإنجليزي: صوت ناعم وهادي، مجرد نَفَس خفيف بينعدي بسرعة.
الـ "ح" العربي: صوت قوي وعميق بيطلع من آخر الزور ومعموله ضغط.

لما بتقول he أو has أو hair، خد بالك إنك ما تعملش صوت حاد من زورك زي حرف الحاء. خليها نَفَسة بسيطة وهادية.

أمثلة على كلمات فيها الصوت ده

الكلمات دي بنستخدمها كتير لما بوصف الناس في الإنجليزي:

he — ولد أو راجل (he is tall — هو طويل)
has — عنده / عندها (she has long hair — عندها شعر طويل)
hair — الشعر اللي على راسك
have — عندي / عندك (I have a sister — عندي أخت)
her — بتاعها (her book — كتابها)
his — بتاعه (his bag — شنطته)
happy — مبسوط / فرحان
home — البيت
hot — سخن

نصيحة مهمة

لما تتمرن على الكلام، حاول تسمع الكلمات في جمل كاملة مش لوحدها. مثلاً:

He has long hair.
I have a happy brother at home.

اسمع الكلام الأول كويس، وبعدين كرّر وراه. ركز على إن الصوت يكون نَفَس خفيف من غير أي رنين من زورك.

To make the /h/ sound: open your mouth a little. Keep your tongue down, behind your bottom teeth. Push a small puff of air from your throat. Your voice does not vibrate. The sound is very soft.

Required

Audio is being generated — try again in a minute.

Listen carefully. Which word do you hear?

Required

Say the word. Push a small puff of air from your throat, then 'az'.

has

Required

Say the word. Start with a soft /h/ sound.

hair

Required

Say the sentence. Notice the soft /h/ sound at the start of 'He', 'has', and 'hair'.

He has hair.

Speaking

7 cards

In this section, you will practice describing a person. First, listen to a model conversation. Then you will repeat the key sentences. Finally, you will have your own conversation with the AI.

Here are useful phrases to describe a person in English.

English phrase	When to use it
She is my friend / sister / mother.	to say who the person is
He / She is + adjective.	to describe with 'is'
He / She has + noun.	to describe with 'has'
His / Her name is + name.	to give a name
He / She is ___ years old.	to give an age
He / She has a brother.	to talk about family

Example description: 'My friend is Sara. She is 22 years old. She is tall and thin. She has long black hair and brown eyes. She has one brother.'

Notice:

We use is + adjective: 'She is tall.'
We use has + noun: 'She has long hair.'
We can use two adjectives with and: 'She is tall and thin.'

In the roleplay at the end, your new classmate will ask you about a friend or family member. Use the phrases above to answer. Speak clearly and use full sentences.

وصف الناس بالإنجليزي

في القسم ده هتتعلم إزاي توصف صاحبك أو حد من عيلتك بالإنجليزي. الفكرة كلها مبنية على فعلين أساسيين: is و has.

الفرق بين is و has

is بنستخدمها مع الصفات (adjectives)، يعني كلمات بتوصف الشكل زي tall (طويل) و thin (رفيع) و young (صغير) و old (كبير في السن). بنقول مثلاً "She is tall" يعني "هي طويلة".
has بنستخدمها مع الأسماء (nouns)، يعني حاجات الشخص عندها زي hair (شعر) و brown eyes (عنيون بني) و a sister (أخت) و a brother (أخ). بنقول مثلاً "She has long black hair" يعني "عندها شعر أسود طويل".

القاعدة دي مهمة جداً: الصفات بتاخد is، والأسماء بتاخد has. ماحدش بيقول "She is long hair"، ده غلط. بنقول "She has long hair".

ربط صفات مع بعض

لو عايز تقول صفتين عن الشخص، استخدم and بينهم. مثلاً:

"She is tall and thin" (هي طويلة ورفيعة)
"He is short and young" (هو قصير وصغير)

أسئلة هتسألها

What does she look like? يعني "هي شكلها إيه؟"، وده بتفتح بيه موضوع الوصف.
Does she have brothers or sisters? يعني "عندها إخوات ولا أخوات؟"، وده بتفتح بيه موضوع العيلة.

مثال كامل من المحادثة

"My friend is Sara. She is 22 years old. She is tall and thin. She has long black hair. She has one sister."

لاحظ إزاي استخدمنا is مع الصفات (tall, thin) و has مع الأسماء (long black hair, one sister) في نفس الجملة. لما تيجي تسجل صوتك، حاول تقول الجملة دي كاملة وواضحة، عشان تتمرن على الاتنين مع بعض.

A short model conversation: Tom asks Emma about her friend.

T
Tom Tell me about a friend.
E
Emma OK. My friend is Sara. She is 22 years old.
T
Tom What does she look like?
E
Emma She is tall and thin. She has long black hair.
T
Tom Does she have brothers or sisters?
E
Emma Yes, she has one sister.

She has long black hair.

This is a useful pattern: subject + has + adjective + noun.

Required

Read the sentence aloud. Speak clearly.

She has long black hair.

Required

Read the sentence aloud. Use 'is' + adjective.

He is tall and thin.

Required

Your new classmate wants to know about someone you know. Describe a friend or a family member. Say their name, age, and what they look like. Use adjectives and 'has/have'.

Required

I CAN use adjectives to describe people.
I CAN use has and have to talk about what people look like.
I CAN use possessive 's to talk about who something belongs to.
I CAN describe a friend or family member in English.

Vocabulary

6 cards

In this lesson, we learn common adjectives to describe how people look. Each adjective is a simple word. We use them with the verb is to describe a person.

Word	Type	Example
tall	adjective	My brother is tall.
short	adjective	She is short.
young	adjective	He is young.
old	adjective	My grandmother is old.
thin	adjective	The boy is thin.
heavy	adjective	His father is heavy.
long	adjective	She has long hair.
beautiful	adjective	Her sister is beautiful.

These adjectives go after the verb is/are. We say: She is tall. (NOT: She tall is.)

You can use two adjectives together with and:

She is tall and thin.
He is old and heavy.

We often describe people with the verb has/have:

He has short black hair.
She has big blue eyes.
They have a beautiful smile.

Now you know the words. In the next steps, you will practice them.

لما بنوصف الناس، بنستخدم صفات (adjectives). الكلمات اللي في الدرس ده كلها صفات بتوصف الشكل أو العمر، زي tall (طويل)، short (قصير)، young (شاب/صغير)، old (كبير في السن)، thin (نحيف)، heavy (سمين)، long (طويل - للشعر)، و beautiful (جميل).

ترتيب الكلام مهم جدًا في الإنجليزية

في العربي ممكن نقول "هي طويلة" أو "طويلة هي"، بس في الإنجليزية الصفة لازم تيجي بعد فعل يكون (is/are). يعني بنقول:

She is tall. (هي طويلة)
He is old. (هو كبير في السن)

❌ غلط: She tall is. ✅ صح: She is tall.

نقدر نستخدم صفتين مع بعض

لو عايز توصف الشخص بأكتر من صفة، بنربطهم بكلمة and:

She is tall and thin. (هي طويلة ونحيفة)
He is old and heavy. (هو كبير وسمين)

وصف الشعر أو العيون بنستخدم has/have

لما نوصف حاجة عند الشخص (زي الشعر أو العيون)، بنستخدم has أو have بدل is:

He has short black hair. (عنده شعر قصير أسود)
She has long hair. (عندها شعر طويل)
They have big blue eyes. (عندهم عيون كبيرة زرقا)

انتبه لكلمة long!

كلمة long بنستخدمها للشعر أو الحاجات، مش للأشخاص. لو عايز توصف طول الشخص بنقول tall:

✅ He is tall.
❌ He is long.
✅ She has long hair.

حاجة حلوة: الصفة مش بتتغير!

في العربي الصفة بتتغير مع المذكر والمؤنث (طويل/طويلة)، بس في الإنجليزية الصفة بتفضل زي ما هي للولد والبنت:

He is tall. / She is tall. (نفس الكلمة)

مثال كامل من الدرس

My friend Sara is tall and thin. She has long black hair. (صديقتي سارة طويلة ونحيفة. عندها شعر طويل أسود)

جرب دلوقتي تستخدم الصفات دي في جمل من عندك!

These are common adjectives to describe people. You will use them in the next steps.

beautiful ˈbjuː.tɪ.fəl
very attractive : very pleasant : very kind :
heavy ˈhɛvi
Weighing a lot; having a great weight or mass.
long lɒŋ
continuing for a large amount of time : being a distance between two points that is more than average or usual
old əʊld
having lived or existed for many years : unsuitable because intended for older people : used to describe or as
short ʃɔːt
small in length , distance , or height : used to say that a name is used as a shorter form of another name : b
tall tɔːl
Having a greater than average height, especially in comparison to the average for humans of the same age or in
thin θɪn
Thin describes something that has a small distance between its opposite sides; not thick. It can also refer to
young
any immature animal