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1A Grammar

Talk about personalities

Unit 1

I CAN use the present perfect with just, already, and yet
I CAN describe personalities using key adjectives

Grammar

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We use the present perfect to talk about things that happened in the past but are connected to now. The structure is have/has + past participle (the third form of the verb). We often use it with three small words: just, already and yet.

Just means a very short time ago. We use it in affirmative sentences, and it goes before the past participle: She has just finished her homework. They have just moved to London. Don't confuse it with the adverb just meaning only (e.g. It's just a small car) — in the present perfect, just = very recently.

Already means sooner than expected. We also use it in affirmative sentences, and it goes before the past participle: I have already seen that film. We have already eaten. In American English you sometimes hear already at the end, but in British English it stays before the past participle.

Yet means until now. We use it in negatives and questions, and it goes at the end of the sentence: I haven't met her yet. Have you found a job yet? Never use yet in a positive sentence.

Sentence type	Structure	Example
Affirmative with just	Subject + have/has + just + past participle	He has just arrived.
Affirmative with already	Subject + have/has + already + past participle	We have already eaten.
Negative with yet	Subject + have/has + not + past participle + yet	She hasn't called yet.
Question with yet	Have/Has + subject + past participle + yet?	Have you started yet?

Remember: has goes with he, she and it; have goes with I, you, we and they. The negative short form is haven't / hasn't, and we use the past participle after it: I haven't finished, she hasn't arrived.

الـ Present Perfect مع just و already و yet

النهارده هنتعلم قاعدة مهمة جداً في الإنجليزي اسمها present perfect، ودي بنستخدمها لما حاجة حصلت في الماضي بس لسه ليها علاقة باللحظة الحالية. يعني مش بنحكي قصة قديمة خلاصت وفاتت، لأ، بنحكي عن حاجة حصلت من شوية وبتأثر علينا دلوقتي.

تركيب الجملة الجملة في الـ present perfect بتتكون من have أو has + التصريف التالت للفعل (past participle). وزي ما اتعودنا: has بنستخدمها مع he, she, it، و have بنستخدمها مع I, you, we, they. والـ negative بنقولها haven't أو hasn't.

الأدوايات التلاتة الصغيرة

just: معناها "من شوية" أو "من لحظات". بنستخدمها في الجمل المثبتة (affirmative) وبتحطها قبل الـ past participle.
مثال: She has just arrived at the airport.
مثال: They have just moved to London.
already: معناها "قبل ما نتوقع" أو "خلصت خلاص". برضو في الجمل المثبتة وبتحطها قبل الـ past participle.
مثال: I have already seen that film.
مثال: We have already eaten.
yet: معناها "لحد دلوقتي". دي بنستخدمها في النفي (negatives) والسؤال (questions)، وبتحطها في آخر الجملة.
مثال: I haven't met her yet.
مثال: Have you finished your homework yet?

ملخص سريع في شكل جدول

مثبتة مع just: Subject + have/has + just + past participle → He has just arrived.
مثبتة مع already: Subject + have/has + already + past participle → We have already eaten.
نفي مع yet: Subject + haven't/hasn't + past participle + yet → She hasn't called yet.
سؤال مع yet: Have/Has + subject + past participle + yet? → Have you started yet?

خد بالك من الغلطات الشائعة

كتير من اللي بيتعلموا بيحطوا yet في جملة مثبتة وده غلط - yet مكانش في آخر الجملة غير لما يكون عندك نفي أو سؤال. وكمان خلّي بالك ما تحطش already في آخر الجملة (زي ما بيتعمل أحياناً في American English)؛ في British English، already بتفضل قبل الـ past participle. ولما تشوف yet في جملة منفية، اتأكد إنك استخدمت haven't أو hasn't + past participle، زي: She hasn't called yet. كده تمام.

She has just arrived at the airport.

Model sentence with just. Notice: just comes before the past participle (arrived).

Have you finished your homework yet?

Model sentence with yet. Notice: yet is at the end of the question, and we use have (not has) with you.

Required

Look at the two model sentences above. Where do just and yet go in the sentence?

**just** before the past participle, **yet** at the end of the sentence
**just** at the end of the sentence, **yet** before the past participle
Both go at the beginning of the sentence

Required

She has ___ (just/already/yet) finished her lunch.

Required

Which sentence is correct?

I have already finished the book.
I have finished already the book.
I have finished the book already yet.

Required

Put the words in order to make a correct present perfect sentence.

They
have
just
moved
to
London
.

Required

'I haven't seen that film yet' is correct.

Required

'Has she just has left?' is correct.

Required

Drag the correct word into each gap. The sentences all use the present perfect with just, already or yet.

already
just
just
already
yet

He has finished his dinner.

We have seen that film twice.

They haven't found a new flat .

I have started a new job.

Has she gone home?

Listening

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You are going to hear a conversation between two friends, Emma and Tom. They are talking about a new classmate called Sara, who has just joined their English class. Listen carefully — Tom uses a lot of present perfect forms with just, already and yet.

Before you listen, think about this question: What kind of person is your best friend? What three adjectives describe them? This will help you connect Sara's personality to people you know.

While you listen for the first time, try to get the general idea (the gist). Who is Sara? What is she like? On the second listen, focus on the specific details: Has Sara done her homework? Has she made any friends? What adjectives does Tom use to describe her?

Listening tip: When you hear a present perfect sentence with just, already or yet, listen to the verb that comes after have/has — that is the important action. For example, in "She's just arrived," the important word is arrived.

المحادثة عن Sara – زميلة جديدة في الفصل

في الدرس ده هتسمع محادثة بين Emma و Tom، اتنين أصحاب بيكلموا عن chapter جديد في الإنجليزي. Emma سألت Tom لو في حد جديد في الفصل، فTom قص عليها عن Sara، البنت الجديدة. من الوصف بتاع Sara هنتعلم كلمات تصف الشخصية، وكمان grammar مهم جداً هو الـ present perfect مع just و already و yet.

كلمات تصف الشخصية (Personality adjectives)

لما تسأل "What is she like?" أنت بتسأل عن الشخصية مش عن الشكل. في الإنجليزي بنقول مثلاً:

Nice – ودودة، لطيفة، زي ما Tom قال "She's really nice".
Shy – خجولة، مش بتحب تتكلم كتير. "She's quite shy at the moment".
Clever – ذكية، بتفهم بسرعة. "But she's very clever".
Outgoing – اجتماعية، بتحب تتكلم مع الناس. Emma سألت "Is she outgoing?"

خد بالك إن الصفات دي بتيجي بعد is أو are: she is shy، he is clever، they are nice.

Present Perfect مع just, already, yet

ده أهم grammar في المحادثة. بنستخدم الـ present perfect لما عايزين نربط حاجة حصلت في الماضي بلحظة الكلام دلوقتي. خلينا نشوف كل كلمة:

Just معناها "للتو" أو "من شوية"، وبتتحط بين have/has والفعل. Tom قال: "We've just started a new unit" يعني "احنا لسه بدأنا chapter جديد".
Already معناها "بالفعل" أو "خلص"، وبتتقال لما الحاجة حصلت أسرع مما كنت متوقع. Tom قال: "She's already made a few friends" يعني "هي خلاص عملت شوية أصحاب".
Yet معناها "حتى الآن" أو "لسه"، وبتتحط في السؤال أو النفي بس. Emma سألت: "Has she made any friends yet?" يعني "هي لسه عملت أصحاب؟".

الخلاصة

ركّز على الفعل اللي بعد have/has — ده الفعل اللي بيقولك إيه اللي حصل. الـ just و already و yet كلمات صغيرة بس هي اللي بتحدد المعنى والتوقيت بالظبط. اسمع الجملة كذا مرة عشان تلتقطها صح.

Emma and Tom are talking about a new classmate called Sara. Listen for the present perfect forms with just, already and yet.

E
Emma Hi Tom! How's the new English class going?
T
Tom It's good! We've just started a new unit about people and personalities.
E
Emma Oh, nice. Is there anyone new in your class?
T
Tom Yes, there's a new student called Sara. She's really nice.
E
Emma What is she like? Is she outgoing?
T
Tom No, she's quite shy at the moment, but she's very clever.
E
Emma Has she made any friends yet?
T
Tom Yes, she's already made a few. I've just talked to her today.
E
Emma Has she done the homework yet?
T
Tom Not yet. She hasn't finished it yet — she says it's hard.

Required

What is the conversation mainly about?

A new classmate called Sara and what she is like.
Tom's favourite English class activities.
Sara's holiday plans for the summer.

Required

Which two adjectives does Tom use to describe Sara?

funny and lazy
shy and clever
outgoing and generous

Required

Complete Tom's sentence: 'She ___ finished it ___ — she says it's hard.'

Pronunciation

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In the present perfect, the word have is almost always weak in normal speech. After a subject like I, you, we or they, we don't say the full /hæv/ — we say /həv/, with a short schwa /ə/ in the middle. The /h/ often disappears in fast speech.

Listen to the difference between the strong form and the weak form:

Strong form /hæv/ — when the word is stressed, e.g. when you answer a question: "Have you been to Paris?" — "Yes, I have!"
Weak form /həv/ — in normal sentences: I've /aɪv/ just been to Paris.

In contractions (short forms), the weak form gets even shorter. The /h/ disappears completely, and the vowel becomes a short /ɪ/ or /iː/:

I've /aɪv/ — I have
You've /juːv/ — You have
We've /wiːv/ — We have
They've /ðeɪv/ — They have
He's /hiːz/ — He has
She's /ʃiːz/ — She has
It's /ɪts/ — It has

The verb have/has contracts with the subject in spoken English, and in writing too: I've just seen Tom. She's already left. In British English, contractions are very common in speech, but we don't use them in formal writing.

Full form	Contraction	Sounds like
I have just arrived.	I've just arrived.	/aɪv dʒəst əˈraɪvd/
She has already left.	She's already left.	/ʃiːz ɔːlˈredi left/
They have not finished yet.	They haven't finished yet.	/ðeɪv nɒt ˈfɪnɪʃd jet/
We have never tried it.	We've never tried it.	/wiːv ˈnevə traɪd ɪt/

Try saying these sentences naturally. Don't say "I have just" slowly — connect them into one smooth phrase: "I've just." Notice how the /h/ disappears and the words run together.

الفكرة الأساسية: كلمة have ليها أكتر من شكل في الكلام

في اللغة الإنجليزية المنطوقة، الكلمة اللي بنكتبها have أو has ليها شكلين مختلفين تماماً، والشكل اللي بتتقال بيه بيعتمد على مكانها في الجملة. ده مفهوم مهم جداً في الـ connected speech.

الـ strong form مقابل الـ weak form

لما الكلمة تكون stressed (يعني عليها ضغط)، بنقولها كاملة /hæv/، زي مثلاً لما حد يسألك "Have you been to Paris?" وإنت ترد بقوة وتقول "Yes, I have!" — هنا بنلفت النظر على الكلمة.

لكن في الكلام العادي، زي جملة "I've just been to Paris"، الـ have بتتحول لـ weak form /həv/. الصوت اللي في النص بيقى schwa (الـ /ə/) — يعني حرف متحرك قصير ومحايد، مش الـ /æ/ الكاملة. وكمان الـ /h/ ساعات بتختفي خالص في الكلام السريع.

الـ contractions: الاختصارات بتغير الصوت

لما بنختصر الـ have مع الفاعل (subject)، الصوت بيبقى أقصر بكتير:

I've /aɪv/ — I have
You've /juːv/ — You have
We've /wiːv/ — We have
They've /ðeɪv/ — They have
He's /hiːz/ — He has
She's /ʃiːz/ — She has
It's /ɪts/ — It has

الـ h اختفت تماماً، والـ vowel بقت قصيرة جداً. ده طبيعي ١٠٠٪ في الإنجليزي البريطاني في الكلام اليومي، لكن مش بنستخدمه في الكتابة الرسمية.

إزاي تنطقها صح

السر في الكلام الطبيعي هو إن الكلمات بتترتبط ببعض. متقولش "I have just arrived" كلمة كلمة ببطء. قولها كأنها قطعة واحدة سلسة: "I've just arrived" /aɪv dʒəst əˈraɪvd/. خلي صوت الـ v من "I've" يوصل بسلاسة لصوت الـ j في "just".

التدريب: لما تسمع الجمل اللي في الدرس، ركز على الـ v الأخيرة في الـ contraction، وحاول تقول كل جملة في نفس واحد من غير ما تقطع.

In the present perfect, have/has is usually weak: /həv/ or /əv/. With contractions, the /h/ disappears — I've /aɪv/, she's /ʃiːz/, they've /ðeɪv/. Say the contractions as one sound, not as separate words.

Required

Listen carefully. Which sentence did you hear?

They have just left.
They've just left.
They has just left.

Required

Say the sentence out loud. Use the contraction I've /aɪv/ and connect "just finished" smoothly.

I've just finished my homework.

Required

Say the sentence out loud. Use the contraction She's /ʃiːz/ and stress already.

She's already gone home.

Required

Say the sentence out loud. Use haven't /hævənt/ and put a little stress on yet at the end.

We haven't seen that film yet.

Reading

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Reading strategy: Reading for specific information

When you read for specific information, you don't need to understand every word. First, read the text quickly to get the general idea — this is called skimming. Skim the title and the first and last sentences of each paragraph. Then read the text again more slowly and look for the particular facts you need: names, places, actions, or adjectives that describe a person.

Key words to look for in this text:

Word	Meaning (Arabic)	Example in text
role model	شخص تحتذي به / قدوة	'My older sister Maya is my role model.'
generous	سخي، كريم	'Maya is also very generous.'
determined	مصمم، لديه عزيمة	(look for a word that means doesn't give up)
hard-working	مجتهد	'She is kind, funny and very hard-working.'

Read the blog post below. A student called Lina is writing about her older sister, Maya. Pay attention to the personality adjectives and the present perfect forms (e.g. has just finished, has already started, hasn't found a job yet).

إزاي تقرأ النص صح؟

النهارده عندنا نص قصير عن بنت اسمها Lina بتتكلم عن أختها الكبيرة Maya. قبل ما تبدأ تقرأ، لازم تعرف إن مش لازم تفهم كل كلمة. في استراتيجية اسمها reading for specific information يعني القراءة عشان تلاقي معلومة معينة. الاستراتيجية دي على مرحلتين:

Skimming (القراءة السريعة): بتمشي على النص بسرعه عشان تاخد الفكرة العامة بس. ركز على العنوان، والجملة الأولى والأخيرة من كل فقرة. متقفش عند كل كلمة.
Scanning (البحث عن معلومة): بترجع تقرأ تاني بهدوء وبتدور على الحاجات اللي محتاجها - أسماء، أماكن، أفعال، أو صفات شخصية.

الكلمات الجديدة في النص

role model - يعني قدوة، شخص بتحبه وبتحاول تكون شبهه. لما Lina بتقول إن Maya هي role model بتاعتها، يعني أختها هي المثال اللي بتحتذي بيه.
generous - سخي وكريم. حد بيشارك غيره ويساعدهم من غير ما يطلب حاجة في المقابل.
determined - مصمم وعنده عزيمة. واحد مش بيسيب حاجة لحد ما يعملها. ممكن نقول عليها doesn't give up.
hard-working - مجتهد. واحد بيبذل مجهود كبير في شغله أو دراسته.

القواعد: Present Perfect مع just, already, yet

لاحظ إن في النص فيه جمل بالـ present perfect مع كلمات معينة بتغير المعنى:

just = حالا، من شوية. حاجة حصلت قبل لحظات. مثال: She has just finished school. (هي خلصت المدرسة حالا).
already = خلاص، بالفعل. حاجة حصلت أبكر مما تتوقع. مثال: She has already started looking for a job. (هي بدأت تدور على شغل خلاص).
yet = لسه. حاجة متوقع إنها تحصل بس محصلتش لحد دلوقتي. وبتيجي في الجملة المنفية. مثال: She hasn't found a job yet. (هي ملقتش شغل لسه).

الصيغة

الـ present perfect بيتكون من: has / have + التصريف التالت (past participle). لو الجملة منفية بنستخدم hasn't / haven't.

دلوقتي إنت جاهز تقرأ. ابدأ بـ skimming الأول عشان تفهم الصورة الكبيرة، وبعدين scan عشان تلاقي الصفات والأفعال المهمة.

Meet My Big Sister — a blog post by Lina

My older sister Maya is my role model. She is kind, funny and very hard-working. She has just finished her university degree in medicine. She hasn't found a job in a hospital yet, but she has already started volunteering at a local clinic.

Maya is also very generous. She has given away half of her books to a school library. She is outgoing, so she has already made lots of friends in our town. But she is also serious about her studies — she is always reading.

I want to be like my sister. She is clever, but she is never lazy. I haven't met anyone like her yet!

إزاي تقرأ النص وتستفيد منه

في البارت ده، هنقرأ بلوج بوست قصير لِ بنت اسمها لينا (Lina)، بتتكلم فيه عن أختها الكبيرة مايا (Maya). الموضوع بسيط ولطيف، بس هو فرصة كويسة نتعلم فيه كلمات نوصف بيها شخصيات، وكمان نفرق بين زمنين مهمين في الإنجليزي.

1. استراتيجية القراءة

قبل ما تبدأ تقرأ، جرّب تمشي على 3 خطوات:

Skim: اقرا بسرعة من فوق عشان تاخد فكرة عامة عن النص.
Scan: دُور على معلومات معينة، زي اسم مايا أو شغلها.
Read for detail: اقرا بتركيز كامل عشان تفهم كل جملة وكل تفصيلة.

2. المفردات (Personality Adjectives)

النص فيه صفات كتير ممكن تستخدمها لما تيجي توصف حد تعرفه:

kind = طيب وحنون
funny = مضحك وبيدّي الناس طاقة
hard-working = بياجتهد في شغله/دراسته
generous = كريم وبيدّي من غير ما يبخل
outgoing = اجتماعي وبيدخل في ناس بسرعة
serious = جدي وبياخد حياته بجدية
clever = ذكي
lazy = كسلان ومبيحبش يشتغل

مثال يجمعهم: "My friend is outgoing and generous, but sometimes she is a bit lazy." — "صاحبتي اجتماعية وكريمة، بس ساعات بتبقى شوية كسلانة".

3. القواعد (Grammar)

في النص هنلاحظ زمنين مهمين لازم تفرق بينهم:

أ) Present Simple — لوصف الشخصية: لما تيجي تصف حد بصفات ثابتة أو بتبادل حقائق، بنستخدم is / are.

She is kind. (هي طيبة)
Maya is hard-working. (مايا بتشتغل بجد)

ب) Present Perfect — للإنجازات اللي حصلت في الحياة: لما تكلم عن حاجات حصلت قبل دلوقتي ومالها وقت محدد، بنستخدم has/have + past participle (التصريف التالت).

She has finished her degree. (هي خلّصت شهادتها)
She has given away her books. (هي وزّعت كتبها)
She has made lots of friends. (هي عملت صحاب كتير)

القاعدة الذهبية

استخدم Present Simple لما تصف مين هو (الشخصية)، واستخدم Present Perfect لما تكلم عن إيه اللي عملّه (الإنجازات والخبرات).

لما تيجي تقرأ النص، حاول تلاقي كل صفة قالت عليها لينا عن مايا، وبعدين ركّز على جمل الـ present perfect عشان تشوف الفرق بينهم بوضوح.

Required

What is the main topic of the blog post?

Lina's holiday in a new town.
Lina's older sister Maya and her personality.
How to study medicine at university.

Required

Maya has already started volunteering at a local clinic.

Required

Maya is lazy and doesn't read very much.

Required

Has Maya found a job in a hospital yet?

Yes, she has already started working there.
No, she hasn't found a job in a hospital yet.
She doesn't want a job in a hospital.

Speaking

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Now it's your turn to describe a friend or family member. Use the personality adjectives from this lesson (kind, funny, serious, outgoing, shy, clever, lazy, generous) and the present perfect with just, already and yet.

Useful phrases for describing a person:

English phrase	Arabic
She/He is really + adjective	هي/هو حقاً + صفة
She/He is quite + adjective	هي/هو نوعاً ما + صفة
What is she/he like?	كيف هي/هو؟
She/He has just + past participle	هي/تو قد + فعل للتو
She/He has already + past participle	هي/هو قد + فعل بالفعل
She/He hasn't + past participle + yet	هي/هو لم + فعل + بعد

For example:

My best friend is really kind and very funny.
She has just started a new job in Cairo.
He has already finished his homework, but she hasn't done it yet.

In the steps below, you will first hear a short model conversation between Aisha and Omar. Omar is describing his best friend. Notice how he uses just, already and yet with the present perfect. Then you will practise the same phrases, and finally have your own short conversation with the AI.

وصف الشخصيات بالإنجليزي: صفات و Present Perfect

في الدرس ده هنتعلم إزاي نوصف حد - صاحبك، حد من العيلة، أو زميل - باستخدام صفات الشخصية، وكمان إزاي نحكي عن اللي حصل في حياته recently باستخدام زمن Present Perfect.

السؤال المهم: What is he like?

أول حاجة لازم تفهمها إن في فرق كبير بين سؤالين في الإنجليزي:

What is he like? = "هو إزاي في شخصيته؟" - وبتسأل هنا عن الصفات.
What does he look like? = "شكله إيه؟" - وبتسأل عن الملامح والطول واللون.

إحنا في الدرس ده مهتمين بالشخصية، فنقول مثلاً: He's really kind أو She's very funny أو He's quite outgoing.

صفات الشخصية الأساسية

عندك 8 صفات لازم تحفظها كويس:

kind = طيب وكريم
funny = خفيف دم
serious = جدي
outgoing = اجتماعي ومنفتح
shy = خجول
clever = ذكي
lazy = كسلان
generous = كريم وسخي

قبل الصفة بتحط really أو very لو عايز تاكيد، أو quite لو عايز تخفف. مثال: He is really generous أو She is quite shy.

Present Perfect مع Just, Already, Yet

النقطة التانية هي زمن Present Perfect ومعاه 3 كلمات مهمة بتتقال لما حاجة حصلت قريب أو ليها علاقة بالحاضر:

has just + فعل = حاجة حصلت دلوقتي للتو. مثال: He has just moved to Manchester. (هو لسه اتنقل لمانشستر)
has already + فعل = حاجة حصلت قبل ما تتوقعها. مثال: He has already found a job. (هو أصلاً لاقى شغل)
hasn't + فعل + yet = حاجة لسه ما حصلتش. مثال: He hasn't found a flat yet. (هو لسه ما لاقيش شقة)

الخلاصة من المحادثة

في المحادثة اللي هتسمعها، Aisha بتسأل Omar عن صاحبه Karim، وOmar بيستخدم الصفات kind و funny و outgoing، وبيستخدم Present Perfect عشان يحكي عن التغييرات الأخيرة في حياة صاحبه. خلّي بالك من الترتيب: just و already بييجوا في الجملة المثبتة بين has والفعل، أما yet بييجي في الجملة المنفية أو السؤال في الآخر.

لما تيجي تتمرن، اعمل زيه بالظبط: استخدم الصفات مع really أو very، واستخدم just و already و yet مع الأفعال اللي بتحكي عن أحداث حصلت recently.

Aisha is asking Omar about his best friend. Listen to the model conversation and notice the present perfect forms.

A
Aisha Omar, tell me about your best friend. What is he like?
O
Omar His name is Karim. He's really kind and very funny.
A
Aisha Has he just moved to a new city?
O
Omar Yes, he has just moved to Manchester. He hasn't found a flat yet, but he has already found a job.
A
Aisha Sounds great! Is he outgoing?
O
Omar Yes, very. He has already made lots of new friends.

My best friend is really kind, and he has just started a new job.

Key model sentence. Practice saying it out loud. Notice: is really kind (adjective) + has just started (present perfect).

Required

Describe your best friend using two personality adjectives. Speak clearly and at a natural speed.

My best friend is really kind and very funny.

Required

Say a present perfect sentence with just and one with yet. Don't forget has with he.

He has just started a new job, but he hasn't found a flat yet.

Required

Your English-speaking friend has just asked about your best friend. Describe them: what they are like, what they have just done, what they have already done, and what they haven't done yet. Try to use just, already and yet at least once each.

Required

I CAN use the present perfect with just, already and yet
I CAN describe personalities using key adjectives (kind, funny, serious, outgoing, shy, clever, lazy, generous)
I CAN recognise the weak form of 'have' and 'has' in spoken English
I CAN ask and answer questions about a person's character and recent actions

Vocabulary

6 cards

We use adjectives to describe what people are like. In this lesson you will learn eight common personality adjectives in English. These words help you talk about friends, family, classmates and colleagues. Many of them are two-syllable words, and the stress usually falls on the first syllable: KINd, FUNny, SERious, OUTgoing.

Look at the table below. Each adjective has a short example sentence so you can see it in real use. Read the sentences aloud, paying attention to the stress. Notice that we often use really or very before the adjective to make it stronger: He's really funny. We can also use quite to make it weaker: She's quite shy.

Adjective	Part of speech	Meaning (Arabic)	Example sentence
kind	adjective	طيب، لطيف	My new flatmate is really kind.
funny	adjective	مضحك، مرح	He's funny in class — everyone laughs.
serious	adjective	جاد	She's a serious student — she never misses a class.
outgoing	adjective	اجتماعي، منفتح	Tom is outgoing and loves parties.
shy	adjective	خجول	I was shy at primary school.
clever	adjective	ذكي	My sister is clever at maths.
lazy	adjective	كسلان	Don't be lazy — do your homework!
generous	adjective	سخي، كريم	Our teacher is generous with praise.

Some of these adjectives are opposites. Outgoing is the opposite of shy, and generous is often the opposite of lazy. You can use these words to compare people: Tom is outgoing, but his brother is shy. You can also describe how a person has changed: She was shy at school, but now she's outgoing.

In the steps below, you will recognise these words, hear them, and use them in your own sentences.

كلام عن الشخصيات بالإنجليزي

في الدرس ده هنتعلم صفات الشخصية (personality adjectives). دي الكلمات اللي بنستخدمها لما نحب نتكلم عن أصحابنا، عيلتنا، زمايلنا، أو أي حد بنعرفه. الصفات دي بتساعدك توصف الشخص في جملة أو اتنين وتخلي اللي يسمعك يحس بيه.

الصفات الثمانية الأساسية

عندنا تمن صفات هتستخدموا كتير:

kind - طيب، لطيف. My new flatmate is really kind.
funny - مضحك. He's funny in class, everyone laughs.
serious - جاد. She's a serious student.
outgoing - اجتماعي ومنفتح. Tom is outgoing and loves parties.
shy - خجول. I was shy at primary school.
clever - ذكي. My sister is clever at maths.
lazy - كسلان. Don't be lazy, do your homework.
generous - كريم وسخي. Our teacher is generous with praise.

التشديد (Stress) في النطق

غالبية الصفات دي من مقطعين (two syllables)، والتشديد بيقع على المقطع الأول:

KINd
FUNny
SERious
OUTgoing
CLEver

لما تنطقهم، خد بالك تشدد على المقطع الأول.

تقوية وتضعيف الصفة

في كلمات بنحطها قبل الصفة عشان نغير قوتها:

really أو very - لتقوية الصفة: He's really funny.
quite - لتضعيف الصفة: She's quite shy.

الكلمات العكس (Opposites)

بعض الصفات ليها عكس:

outgoing عكسها shy
generous عكسها lazy (في سياق معين)

المقارنة والتغيير

تقدر تقارن بين اتنين: Tom is outgoing, but his brother is shy. كمان تقدر توصف إن شخص اتغير: She was shy at school, but now she's outgoing.

دلوقتي ركز في الكروت اللي تحت، اسمع كل كلمة وحاول تنطقها صح.

Learn these eight personality adjectives. Tap each word to hear it.

clever ˈkle.vər
Quick to understand, learn, or think; intelligent and skillful in a practical way.
funny ˈfʌni
Causing laughter or amusement; also means strange or odd.
generous ˈdʒenərəs
Willing to give more than necessary or expected; unselfish in sharing money, time, or resources with others.
kind kaɪnd
Friendly, generous, and considerate toward others; showing care and warmth in one's actions toward people or a
lazy ˈleɪ.zi
Not willing to work or make effort; avoiding activity or work.
outgoing ˈaʊtɡəʊɪŋ
Describing a person who is friendly, sociable, and enjoys being around others; extroverted.
serious ˈsɪəriəs
Describes something that should be taken seriously and not joked about; also means important, severe, or since
shy ʃaɪ
Not bold; nervous or uncomfortable around other people; easily embarrassed.