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1B Grammar

Talk about people you know

Unit 1

I CAN use the verb 'be' with he, she, and they.
I CAN say someone's nationality.
I CAN describe a person in a picture.

Grammar

11 cards

We use the verb be to say who someone is, where they are from, or what they are like. The form of be changes with the subject. This is important in English.

With he and she, we use is: He is my brother. She is my friend. With they (two or more people), we use are: They are students.

Look at the table:

Subject	be	Short form	Negative	Short negative
he	is	he's	is not	isn't
she	is	she's	is not	isn't
they	are	they're	are not	aren't

We use is with he and she because they are one person. We use are with they because 'they' is more than one person. The short forms (he's, she's, they're) are very common in speaking.

Look at these examples:

She is my friend. (She's my friend.)
He is from Mexico. (He's from Mexico.)
They are students. (They're students.)
She isn't Chinese. She is Japanese.

Remember: after he and she, always use is. After they, always use are.

قاعدة الـ verb "be" في الإنجليزي

الـ verb be ده من أهم الأفعال في اللغة الإنجليزية كلها، وبنستخدمه لما عايزين نتكلم عن حد، أو نقول مين هو، منين جاي، أو إيه صفته. الموضوع بسيط، بس لازم تركز لأن شكله بيتغير حسب الـ subject اللي قبله.

القاعدة الأساسية

الفكرة كلها في جملة واحدة: مفرد = is، جمع = are.

مع he و she (يعني شخص واحد) → بنستخدم is
He is my brother.
She is my best friend.
She is from Japan.
مع they (يعني اتنين أو أكتر) → بنستخدم are
They are students.
They are from Brazil.
They are my friends.

الـ Short Forms (الشكل المختصر)

في الكلام العادي والحياة اليومية، الناس بتستخدم الشكل المختصر أكتر بكتير:

is بتصير 's → He is = He's / She is = She's
are بتصير 're → They are = They're

فبدل ما تقول "She is my friend"، العادي تقول She's my friend. ده بيبان طبيعي أكتر في المحادثة.

الـ Negative (النفي)

عشان تقول إن حد مش كذا، بنضيف not بعد الـ verb:

is not → isn't (She isn't Chinese. She is Japanese.)
are not → aren't (They aren't from here.)

حاجات مهمة تفتكرها

بعد he و she دايماً بنستخدم is - مفيش أي استثناء.
بعد they دايماً بنستخدم are - مفيش استثناء تاني.
في التمارين اللي جاية، ركز على الـ subject الأول: لو شخص واحد = is، لو أكتر من شخص = are.

الخلاصة: القاعدة بسيطة جداً - عين على الـ subject، والباقي هييجي لوحده!

She is my best friend.

They are from Brazil.

Required

Look at the two sentences above. What verb comes after 'she' and what verb comes after 'they'?

is / is
is / are
are / is

Required

She ___ my sister.

Required

He ___ from Spain. He is Spanish.

Required

'They is my friends.' Is this sentence correct?

Required

Put the words in order to make a sentence.

She
is
from
Japan

Required

My parents ___ (is/are) from Mexico.

Required

Which sentence is correct?

He are a student.
She is a student.
They is a student.

Required

Tom ___ (isn't / aren't) Chinese. He is Japanese.

Listening

5 cards

Listen to a conversation between two friends, Emma and Tom. They are looking at a photo on Emma's phone. The photo shows new people in Emma's class. Emma tells Tom about these new friends.

In the conversation, you will hear:

He is and she is with the verb be
Countries and nationalities: Mexico / Mexican, Brazil / Brazilian
Descriptions of people: tall, hair color

Before you listen, think about this: when you show a friend a photo of people you know, what do you say? You say names. You say where people are from. You say what they look like. That is what Emma does in this conversation.

Listen carefully to the names: Sara and Marco. Remember who is who. Sara is the girl. Marco is the boy.

حوار بين اتنين أصحاب

في الـ listening ده، هتسمع Emma و Tom بيتكلموا مع بعض. Emma بتورّي Tom صورة في موبايلها فيها أصحابها الجداد في الكلاس، و Tom بيبدأ يسألها عنهم واحدة واحدة. الفكرة هنا إنك تتعلم تقول ناس تعرفهم وتوصفهم بكلام بسيط.

الـ verb to be مع he و she

الـ verb الأساسي في الـ dialogue ده هو to be لما بنتكلم عن حد غريب عننا أو بنوصف حد:

She is → معناها "هي" (للبنت أو الست)
He is → معناها "هو" (للراجل أو الولد)

لاحظ في الـ dialogue إزاي بنستخدمهم:

She is from Mexico → يعني "هي من المكسيك"
She is tall → يعني "هي طويلة"
He is from Brazil → يعني "هو من البرازيل"

وفي الإجابة القصيرة بنقول:

Yes, she is (أيوه هي كده)
Yes, he is (أيوه هو كده)

الدول و الجنسيات

في الإنجليزي بنقول الجنسية بناءً على اسم البلد. لاحظ الـ pattern ده:

Mexico → Mexican (مكسيكي)
Brazil → Brazilian (برازيلي)

القاعدة بسيطة: بنغير آخر اسم البلد. أحياناً بنضيف -an زي Brazilian، وأحياناً بنغير -o لـ -an زي Mexican. وممكن تستخدمها كـ noun كمان: He is a Mexican أو She is a Brazilian.

وصف الناس

عشان نوصف حد بنستخدم be + adjective:

tall (طويل) / short (قصير)
beautiful (جميلة) / handsome (وسيم)

ولوصف الشعر أو العيون بنستخدم have/has:

She has long black hair → "هي عندها شعر طويل أسود"
He has short hair → "هو عنده شعر قصير"

جمل مهمة هتسمعها

Look at this photo → بص على الصورة دي
The girl on the left → البنت اللي على الشمال
The boy next to her → الولد اللي جنبها

نصيحة قبل ما تسمع

لما تسمع الـ dialogue، ركز على:

اسماء الناس (Sara و Marco)
جنسياتهم (Mexican و Brazilian)
وصفهم (tall و long black hair)

خد نوت صغيرة أو في الـ mind بتاعك، عشان تقدر ترد على الأسئلة بعدين.

Emma and Tom are looking at a photo of new classmates.

E
Emma Hi Tom! Look at this photo.
T
Tom Who is the girl on the left?
E
Emma That's Sara. She is from Mexico. She is Mexican.
T
Tom Is she tall?
E
Emma Yes, she is. She has long black hair.
T
Tom And the boy next to her?
E
Emma That's Marco. He is from Brazil. He is Brazilian.
T
Tom Are they students?
E
Emma Yes, they are. They are in my class.

Required

What is the conversation about?

A photo of two classmates
A family dinner
A school lesson

Required

Sara is from Brazil.

Required

Marco ___ (is/are) from Brazil. He is Brazilian.

Pronunciation

6 cards

Today we practice the /ʃ/ sound. This is the 'sh' sound in English. You find it in words like she, Spanish, and Chinese. It is very common in this lesson because it is in many nationality words.

How to make the sound:

Put your tongue at the top of your mouth, just behind your top teeth.
Round your lips a little, like a small 'O' shape.
Push air out without using your voice. (Do not vibrate your throat.)
Your tongue and lips make the 'sh' noise.

Try it: put your finger in front of your lips. Say 'shhh' like you are telling someone to be quiet. You should feel air, but no sound from your throat.

Be careful: /ʃ/ is different from /tʃ/ (the 'ch' sound in 'cheese').

/ʃ/: the tongue stays back and the air comes out smoothly → she, Spanish
/tʃ/: the tongue touches the top first, then releases with a small 't' sound → cheese, teacher

Practice these words with /ʃ/:

she
Spanish
Chinese
French
shy
fish

صوت الـ /ʃ/ في الإنجليزي

النهارده هنتعلم صوت مهم جداً في اللغة الإنجليزيه، صوت الـ sh اللي بيبان في كلمة she وفي كلمات تانية كتير زي Spanish و Chinese. الصوت ده ليه شكل معين في النطق، وعلشان تعمله صح محتاج تعرف إزاي تحرك بقك ولسانك. الصوت ده شائع جداً في الدرس بتاعنا لأنك هتحتاجه لما تسأل عن جنسية حد زي He is Chinese أو She is Spanish.

إزاي تعمل الصوت ده بفيزياء؟

عشان تعمل صوت الـ /ʃ/ صح، اتبع الخطوات دي:

حط طرف لسانك فوق ورا أسنانك العلوية بشوية، مش لازق فيهم
داير شفايفك زي ما بتقول "أو" صغيرة
طلّع الهوا بره من بقك من غير ما تهتز زورك، الصوت يطلع زي الهمس
جرب تحط صباعك قدام شفايفك لما بتقول shhh، هتحس بالهوا طالع بس مش هتسمع أي رنين في زورك

الفرق بين /ʃ/ و /tʃ/ (الغلطة الشائعة)

في ناس كتير بتخلط بين صوت الـ sh وصوت الـ ch اللي في كلمة cheese. الصوتين مختلفين تماماً:

/ʃ/ زي she و Spanish: اللسان بيكون ورا شوية والهوا بيطلع ناعم ومسترسل
/tʃ/ زي cheese و teacher: اللسان بيتلمس في سقف الحلق الأول وبعدين بينزل مع صوت "ت" صغيرة قبل ما يفتح

فخلي بالك، Chinese و cheese مش نفس الصوت.

كلمات تتمرن عليها من الدرس

دول كلمات فيها صوت الـ sh وهتلاقيها في تمرين النطق:

she (هي)
Spanish (إسباني)
Chinese (صيني)
French (فرنسي)
shy (خجول)
fish (سمكة)

نصيحة قبل التمرين

لما بتقول جملة زي He is Chinese، حاول تنطق الـ sh واضحة وهادية من غير ما تعلي صوتك. دايماً ابدأ بإيدك قدام بقك عشان تتأكد إن الهوا بيطلع صح. اسمع التسجيل كويس وركز على الفرق بين كل كلمة والتانية، وبعدين كرر ورايا في التمرين.

To make /ʃ/: put your tongue behind your top teeth, round your lips a little, and push air out smoothly. Do not use your voice. Try saying 'shhh' like telling someone to be quiet.

Required

Audio is being generated — try again in a minute.

Listen carefully. Which word do you hear?

she
cheese

Required

Read this word. Make the /ʃ/ sound clearly.

she

Required

Read this word. Listen for the /ʃ/ at the start.

Spanish

Required

Read the sentence. Say the /ʃ/ in 'Chinese' clearly.

He is Chinese.

Speaking

7 cards

In this section, you will introduce a person you know — a friend, a classmate, or a family member. You will use he is or she is to say who they are, where they are from, and what they look like.

Useful phrases:

He is my friend. / She is my friend.
His name is ___ . / Her name is ___ .
He is from [country]. / She is from [country].
He is [nationality]. / She is [nationality].
He is tall / short / young. / She is tall / short / young.
He has [color] hair. / She has [color] eyes.

Listen to the model dialogue first. Tom introduces his friend David. Then you read the key sentences out loud. Finally, you have a live conversation with the AI.

Tips:

Speak slowly and clearly.
Always use 'is' after 'he' and 'she'.
Use short sentences.
Try to say at least three things about your person: name, country or nationality, and how they look.

إزاي تقدّم شخص تعرفه بالإنجليزي

في السيكشن دي هتتعلم إزاي تعرّف حد تعرفه - صاحب، زميل، أو حد من عيلتك. الفكرة بسيطة: بنستخدم he is للولد أو الراجل، و she is للبنت أو الست. ولما تسأل سؤال عن حد، بنستخدم Is he...? أو Is she...?.

الجمل اللي هتحتاجها

He is my best friend. يعني "هو أحسن صاحب ليّا".
His name is David. أو Her name is Sara عشان تقول اسمه أو اسمها.
He is from Japan. أو She is from Mexico. عشان تقول منين.
He is Japanese. أو She is Mexican. عشان تقول جنسيته.
He is tall. أو She is short. عشان توصف طوله.
He has short black hair. أو She has blue eyes. لوصف الشعر أو العيون.

شكل المحادثة

في المثال، Emma بتسأل Tom عن أحسن صاحب ليه عشان تعرفه أكتر:

Emma: Who is your best friend, Tom?
Tom: His name is David. He is from Japan.
Emma: Is he Japanese?
Tom: Yes, he is. He is tall and he has short black hair.
Emma: Is he a student?
Tom: Yes, he is. He is a very good student.

شوف إزاي Tom قال تلات حاجات مهمة: الاسم، البلد/الجنسية، والشكل.

القواعد المهمة

دايماً حط is بعد he و she. ماتقولش "He tall" - لازم "He is tall".
لما تسأل Is he a student? الإجابة بتبقى Yes, he is أو No, he isn't.
عشان توصف الشعر، بنستخدم has مش is - يعني "He has black hair" مش "He is black hair".

نصيحة أخيرة

تكلم ببطء ووضوح. وقول على الأقل تلات حاجات عن الشخص: اسمه، بلده أو جنسيته، وحاجة عن شكله. كده هتعمل محادثة كاملة وطبيعية!

Tom and Emma talk about a friend.

E
Emma Who is your best friend, Tom?
T
Tom His name is David. He is from Japan.
E
Emma Is he Japanese?
T
Tom Yes, he is. He is tall and he has short black hair.
E
Emma Is he a student?
T
Tom Yes, he is. He is a very good student.

He is my best friend. He is from Japan. He is Japanese.

This is the key sentence for introducing a person.

Required

Read this sentence aloud. Use 'is' after 'he'.

He is my best friend.

Required

Read this sentence aloud. Use 'is' after 'she'.

She is from Mexico. She is Mexican.

Required

You are talking to a friend. They want to know about a person you know. Tell them the person's name, country, nationality, and what they look like. Use 'he is' or 'she is'.

Required

I CAN use the verb 'be' with he, she, and they.
I CAN say someone's nationality.
I CAN describe a person in a picture.

Vocabulary

6 cards

Countries tell us where a person is from. Nationalities tell us what a person is. They are different, but they work together.

Look at this list:

Word	Type	Example sentence
Brazil	country	He is from Brazil.
Brazilian	nationality	He is Brazilian.
Mexico	country	She is from Mexico.
Mexican	nationality	She is Mexican.
China	country	They are from China.
Chinese	nationality	They are Chinese.
France	country	My friend is from France.
French	nationality	She is French.

The country is a place. The nationality describes a person from that place. For most countries, the nationality ends in -ese (China → Chinese), -sh (English, French), or -an (America → American, Mexico → Mexican).

To describe how a person looks, you can also use tall (long body) or short (not tall). We use is with these words because we are talking about one person: He is tall. She is short.

Examples:

He is from Brazil. He is Brazilian.
She is from Mexico. She is Mexican.
They are from China. They are Chinese.

الدول والجنسيات

في الدرس ده هنتعلم كلمتين أساسيين: اسم البلد (Country) والجنسية (Nationality). دول من أهم الكلمات لما بتحكي عن حد تعرفه.

إيه الفرق بينهم؟

البلد هو المكان نفسه - زي Brazil أو France. الجنسية هي الصفة اللي بتوصف الشخص اللي من البلد دي - زي Brazilian أو French. يعني لما بتقول He is from France بتحدد المكان، ولما بتقول He is French بتوصف الشخص نفسه.

شوية أمثلة

He is from Brazil. He is Brazilian.
She is from Mexico. She is Mexican.
They are from China. They are Chinese.
My friend is from France. She is French.

لاحظ النهايات

معظم الجنسيات في الإنجليزي بتنتهي بإحدى الطرق دي:

-an: زي Mexico → Mexican أو America → American
-sh: زي France → French أو England → English
-ese: زي China → Chinese أو Japan → Japanese

مش كل الجنسيات بتتبع نفس القاعدة، بس دول الأشهر في المستوى ده.

وصف الطول

كمان ممكن تصف طول الشخص بـ:

tall (طويل - جسمه طويل)
short (قصير - جسمه مش طويل)

ودول بييجوا بعد is أو are لأننا بنحكي عن شخص واحد: He is tall أو She is short.

خلاصة سريعة

اسم البلد دايماً بيبقى اسم مكان وحرفه الأول كبير (Brazil, France, China). الجنسية بتيجي بعد He is أو She is أو They are. خلي بالك تربط بين الاتنين عشان كلامك يبقى طبيعي.

He is from China. He is Chinese.
She is from Mexico. She is Mexican.
They are from Brazil. They are Brazilian.

دايماً جرب تقولي الجملة بالطريقتين: بلد وجنسية.

Learn these country and nationality words.

Brazil
Brazilian
Mexico
Mexican
China
Chinese
France
French

Required

Match each country with its nationality.

Brazil
Mexico
China
France

Brazilian
Mexican
Chinese
French

She is from Mexico. She is Mexican.

Required

Listen to the sentence. What nationality is the man?

Spanish
French
Brazilian

Required

She is from China. She is ___.

China
Chinese
China's