Welcome to the Unit 5 Review
This unit has been all about the natural world around us — the landscapes we see, walk through and dream about. In this review, we will refresh three big ideas: the words we use to describe natural places, the way we compare them with comparatives (e.g. taller, more dramatic, worse), and the way we pick out the very best, biggest or most impressive of them all with superlatives (e.g. tallest, most dramatic, worst).
Landscape vocabulary
A landscape is everything you can see in one place in nature. To describe a landscape well, you need a small toolkit of words. Try to group them in your mind:
| Group |
Words |
| Height words |
mountain, hill, peak, cliff, summit |
| Land-cover words |
forest, desert, beach, island, cave, field, meadow |
| Water words |
river, lake, stream, waterfall, ocean, sea, coast, shore |
When you describe a place, you usually mix these words together. For example: 'a small island with a sandy beach and a long river' or 'tall mountains covered in thick forest'. A useful habit is to add a small adjective in front (sandy, tall, thick, long) so the reader can really see the place in their head.
Comparatives
We use comparatives to compare two things. With short adjectives (one syllable, or two syllables ending in -y), we usually add -er: tall → taller, high → higher, happy → happier (drop the y and add -ier). With longer adjectives, we use more: beautiful → more beautiful, dangerous → more dangerous. After a comparative we usually add than: 'The Nile is longer than the River Thames.'
Some adjectives are irregular and you must learn them by heart: good → better, bad → worse, far → farther / further. We can also compare with as … as when two things are equal: 'This lake is as deep as that one.'
Superlatives
We use superlatives to talk about the number-one thing in a group of three or more. The short form is -est and the long form is most: tall → the tallest, beautiful → the most beautiful. Always use the before a superlative: 'Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa.' The irregulars follow the same pattern as the comparatives: the best, the worst, the farthest / the furthest.
Using comparatives to organise a paragraph
When you write about places, do not just list facts. Compare them. A good paragraph has a clear topic sentence, two or three comparative sentences, and a final sentence with a superlative. For example:
'Norway and Switzerland both have beautiful mountains. Norway's fjords are deeper than Switzerland's lakes, but Switzerland's peaks are higher than Norway's. In my opinion, the most dramatic landscape in the world is the Norwegian coast.'
This is the model we will use in the writing task below.
Writing task
Write a short blog post (about 80–120 words) comparing two landscapes you know — for example, a place from your country and a famous place from abroad. Use at least three comparatives, one superlative, and six different landscape words from the unit.